Testwiki:About Chinese/Xiang

Template:Shortcut Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Changsha dialect (old- and new-styles) of Xiang Chinese. See Module:hsn-pron for the codes.

Initials

IPA	Transcription	Example	Notes
Template:IPAchar	b	巴
Template:IPAchar	p	趴
Template:IPAchar	m	媽
Template:IPAchar	f	花
Template:IPAchar	d	打
Template:IPAchar	t	他
Template:IPAchar	l	拿
Template:IPAchar	z	渣	merged with Template:IPAchar before Template:IPAchar in new-style
Template:IPAchar	c	叉	merged with Template:IPAchar before Template:IPAchar in new-style
Template:IPAchar	s	沙	merged with Template:IPAchar before Template:IPAchar in new-style
Template:IPAchar	zh	遮	merged with Template:IPAchar in new-style
Template:IPAchar	ch	畬	merged with Template:IPAchar in new-style
Template:IPAchar	sh	賒	merged with Template:IPAchar in new-style
Template:IPAchar	r	惹
Template:IPAchar	j	佳
Template:IPAchar	q	喫
Template:IPAchar	ny	黏
Template:IPAchar	x	蝦
Template:IPAchar	g	家
Template:IPAchar	k	抲
Template:IPAchar	ng	椏
Template:IPAchar	h	蝦

Rhymes

IPA	Transcription	Example	Notes
Template:IPAchar	r	資	only after Template:IPAchar
Template:IPAchar	r	知	only after Template:IPAchar
Template:IPAchar	i	衣
Template:IPAchar	u	烏
Template:IPAchar	y	淤
Template:IPAchar	a	阿
Template:IPAchar	ia	鴉
Template:IPAchar	ua	蛙
Template:IPAchar	ya	噦
Template:IPAchar	o	窩
Template:IPAchar	io	喲
Template:IPAchar	e	兒
Template:IPAchar	ie	椰
Template:IPAchar	ue	國
Template:IPAchar	ye	抈
Template:IPAchar	ai	哀
Template:IPAchar	uai	歪
Template:IPAchar	yai	衰
Template:IPAchar	ei	欸
Template:IPAchar	uei	威
Template:IPAchar	yei	銳
Template:IPAchar	au	熬
Template:IPAchar	iau	腰
Template:IPAchar	ou	猴
Template:IPAchar	iou	優
Template:IPAchar	onn	完
Template:IPAchar	enn	占
Template:IPAchar	ienn	煙
Template:IPAchar	yenn	冤
Template:IPAchar	en	恩
Template:IPAchar	in	因
Template:IPAchar	un	溫
Template:IPAchar	yn	暈
Template:IPAchar	an	安
Template:IPAchar	ian	秧
Template:IPAchar	uan	彎
Template:IPAchar	yan	霜
Template:IPAchar	ong	翁	merged into Template:IPAchar in new-style
Template:IPAchar	iong	雍	merged into Template:IPAchar in new-style
Template:IPAchar	m	姆
Template:IPAchar	n	你

Tones

Tone name	Tone value	Transcription	Example
dark level	33	1	詩
light level	13	2	時
rising	41	3	使
dark departing	45	4	世
light departing	21	5	是
checked	24	6	食
neutral		(unmarked)	猴子

Tone sandhi

• $\text{light level }[13]+\text{dark departing }[45]\to [\text{close to 24, still distinguishable from checked}]+\text{dark departing }[45]$
• (in quick speech) $\left\{\begin{array}{c}\text{dark level }[33]\\ \text{light level }[13]\\ \text{checked }[24]\end{array}\right\}+\text{checked }[24]\to \left\{\begin{array}{c}\text{dark level }[33]\\ \text{light level }[13]\\ \text{checked }[24]\end{array}\right\}+[44]$

References

• 鮑厚星等《長沙方言研究》
• 鮑厚星等《長沙方言詞典》
• 李永明《長沙方言》
• 鮑厚星《湘方言概要》