View source for Transcendental

==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˌtɹænsɛnˈdɛntəl/|a=US}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˌtɹænsɛnˈdɛntəl/|/ˌtɹænzɛnˈdɛntəl/|a=UK}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transcendental.wav|a=US}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete}} A [[transcendentalist]].
# {{lb|en|philosophy|metaphysics|Platonism|Christian theology|usually|in the plural}} Any one of the three ''transcendental properties of being'': [[truth]], [[beauty]] or [[goodness]], which respectively are the [[ideal]]s of [[science]], [[art]] and [[religion]] and the principal subjects of the study of [[logic]], [[aesthetics]] and [[ethics]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2002|author={{w|Robert Cummings Neville|Robert C. Neville}}|title=Religion in Late Modernity|publisher=w:State University of New York Press|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=OWkrdZ2yh3EC&pg=PA72&dq=%22transcendentals%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjnvL5lO3fAhUFC5AKHX-iAB04ZBDoAQjQAjA5#v=onepage&q=%22transcendentals%22&f=false|page=72
|passage=In deference to Christian usage we can say that the '''transcendentals''' constitute the Logos within which everything has its being and according to which everything is made.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2012|translator=Lukas Soderstrom|author=w:Jean Grondin|title=Introduction to Metaphysics: From Parmenides to Levinas|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=6Kvn-xYnWX8C&pg=PA105&dq=%22transcendentals%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs_prOi-3fAhWBV30KHdJYCwoQ6AEI-AMwUw#v=onepage&q=%22transcendentals%22&f=false|page=105|publisher=w:Columbia University Press
|passage=These predicates of Being are what the Medievals called, using a term that will have a fertile future, "'''transcendentals'''" (often called the "universals") because they transcend all particular genera, following the example of Being.<sup>96</sup> A quarrel over these '''transcendentals''' even shook the later Middle Ages. The quarrel stemmed from the question of whether the existence of these '''transcendentals''' was real or intellectual (also called nominal).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2012|author=Jan Aertsen|title=Medieval Philosophy as Transcendental Thought: From Philip the Chancellor (ca. 1225) to Francisco Suárez|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=pfsxAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA515&dq=%22transcendentals%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjnvL5lO3fAhUFC5AKHX-iAB04ZBDoAQh7MBA#v=onepage&q=%22transcendentals%22&f=false|page=515|publisher=BRILL
|passage=The medieval doctrine of the '''transcendentals''' is closely connected with a metaphysical conception of reality, but is there a science of being in William of Ockham (ca. 1285-1347)?}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2015|author=Anthony Howard|title=Humanise: Why Human-Centred Leadership is the Key to the 21st Century|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=9gxyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&dq=%22transcendentals%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjnvL5lO3fAhUFC5AKHX-iAB04ZBDoAQjKAjA4#v=onepage&q=%22transcendentals%22&f=false|page=70|publisher=Wiley
|passage=Another fascinating thing about the '''transcendentals''' is that each is fully contained in the others. When you appreciate beauty, for example, you recognise the presence of goodness and truth. When you grasp the truth about something you experience a moment of beauty in, perhaps, the simplicity or power of the insight. When you observe goodness in the actions of another person you are seeing truth and beauty in operation.}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|transcendental property of being}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj}}

# {{lb|en|philosophy}} [[concerned|Concerned]] with the ''[[a priori]]'' or [[intuitive]] [[basis]] of [[knowledge]], [[independent]] of [[experience]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1985|author={{w|Jitendra Nath Mohanty|J. N. Mohanty}}|title=The Possibility of '''Transcendental''' Philosophy|publisher=Kluwer Academic (Martinus Nijhoff)|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=53ZyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PR13&dq=%22transcendental%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii98iPq-rfAhUJjJAKHV7SB8MQ6AEIaDAL#v=onepage&q=%22transcendental%22&f=false|page=xiii
|passage=The best way to demonstrate the possibility of something is to show its actuality, for actuality implies possibility. At least since Kant, '''transcendental''' philosophies have been on the scene. However, such simple demonstration of the possibility of '''transcendental''' philosophy has not been effective and is not likely to be so — so strong is the presumption that '''transcendental''' philosophy just could not be possible, or, if it ''was'' possible earlier, it is not possible ''now''.}}
#* '''1999''', {{w|Robert Stern (philosopher)|Robert Stern}}, ''4: On Kant's Response to Hume: The Second Analogy as '''Transcendental''' Argument'', Robert Stern (editor), '''''Transcendental''' Arguments: Problems and Prospects'', 2003, {{w|Oxford University Press}} (Clarendon Press), Paperback, [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=JnCPaM0KeG8C&pg=PA47&dq=%22transcendental%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii98iPq-rfAhUJjJAKHV7SB8MQ6AEIkQIwKA#v=onepage&q=%22transcendental%22&f=false page 47],
#*: Whilst it was once held that '''transcendental''' arguments could provide a direct and straightforward refutation of scepticism, this view now seems over-optimistic.
#* '''2007''', {{w|Steven Crowell}}, {{w|Jeff Malpas}}, ''Chapter 1: Introduction'' Steven Crowell, Jeff Malpas, (editors), '''''Transcendental''' Heidegger'', {{w|Stanford University Press}}, [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=KLoR4IPhwnoC&pg=PA1&dq=%22transcendental%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii98iPq-rfAhUJjJAKHV7SB8MQ6AEIWzAJ#v=onepage&q=%22transcendental%22&f=false page 1],
#*: Not only does Heidegger's early work stand within the framework of '''transcendental''' phenomenology as established by Husserl—even though it also contests and revises that framework—but that thinking also stands in a close relationship to the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and specifically to the '''transcendental''' project, and modes of argument, of Kant's ''Critique of Pure Reason''.
# [[superior|Superior]]; [[surpass]]ing all [[other]]s; [[extraordinary]]; [[transcendent]].
# [[mystical|Mystical]] or [[supernatural]].
# {{lb|en|algebra|number theory|field theory|of a [[number]] or an [[element]] of an [[extension field]]}} Not [[algebraic]] (i.e., not the [[root]] of any [[polynomial]] that has [[positive]] [[degree]] and [[rational]] [[coefficient]]s).
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1975|author={{w|Alan Baker (mathematician)|Alan Baker}}|title='''Transcendental''' Number Theory|edition=2nd|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SmsCqiQMvvgC&pg=PA1&dq=%22transcendental%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii98iPq-rfAhUJjJAKHV7SB8MQ6AEIVTAI#v=onepage&q=%22transcendental%22&f=false|page=1|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|year_published=1990
|passage=The theory of '''transcendental''' numbers was originated by Liouville in his famous memoir<sup>†</sup> of 1844 in which he obtained, for the first time, a class, ''très-étendue'', as it was described in the title of the paper, of numbers that satisfy no algebraic equation with integer coefficients.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2005|author=Juan G. Roederer|title=Information and Its Role in Nature|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=DCKS_mLIeosC&pg=PA28&dq=%22transcendental%22+number%7Cfield&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjl9PB4uzfAhWCH7kGHbERBcEQ6AEIjgEwFA#v=onepage&q=%22transcendental%22%20number%7Cfield&f=false|page=28|publisher=Springer
|passage=If the distribution of decimal digits of <math>\pi</math> (or any other '''transcendental''' number) is truly random (suspected but not yet mathematically proven!), given any arbitrary finite sequence of whole numbers, that sequence would be included an infinite number of times in the decimal expansion of <math>\pi</math>.}}
# {{lb|en|algebra|field theory|of an [[extension field]]}} That contains [[element]]s that are not [[algebraic]].
#* '''2006''', {{w|Steven Roman}}, ''Field Theory'', Springer, 2nd Edition, {{w|Graduate Texts in Mathematics}} 158, [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=RYMqOCDO-LkC&pg=PA108&dq=%22transcendental%22+field&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUmLDA6ezfAhU_E7kGHcdhAjEQ6AEITjAH#v=onepage&q=%22transcendental%22%20field&f=false page 108],
#*: Suppose that <math>F<E</math> is purely '''transcendental'''. Show that any simple extension of <math>F</math> contained in <math>E</math> (but not equal to <math>F</math>) is '''transcendental''' over <math>F</math>.

====Antonyms====
* {{antsense|not the root of a polynomial with rational coefficients}} {{l|en|algebraic}}
* {{antsense|containing elements that are not the root of a polynomial}} {{l|en|algebraic}}

====Hypernyms====
* {{sense|not the root of a polynomial with rational coefficients}} {{l|en|irrational}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|en|title=terms derived directly from ''transcendental''
|purely transcendental
|transcendental critique
|transcendental ego
|transcendental function
|transcendental idealism
|transcendental materialism
|transcendental meditation
|transcendental number
|transcendental number theory
|transcendental realism
|transcendentalism
|transcendentalize
}}

====Related terms====
{{col|en
|transcend
|transcendence
|transcendency
|transcendent
|transcendently
}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|independent of experience}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|интуитивен}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|transsendentaalinen}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υπερβατικός|m}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|अनुभवातीत}}, {{t+|hi|इंद्रियातीत}}, {{t|hi|लोकातीत}}, {{t|hi|प्रागनुभविक}}, {{t|hi|अत्यानुभविक}}, {{t|hi|भावातीत}}, {{t+|hi|अतींद्रिय}}, {{t+|hi|लोकोत्तर}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|trascendentale}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|трансценденттік}}, {{t|kk|трансценденталды}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|متعالی|tr=mota'âli}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|transcendental}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|trascendental}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|transcendent}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|igpawin}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|trosgynnol}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|supernatural}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|свръхестествен}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tuonpuoleinen}}
* German: {{t+|de|transzendent}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υπερβατικός|m}}, {{t+|el|υπερφυσικός|m}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|трансценденталды}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|transcendent}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|trascendental}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|igpawin}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|not algebraic; containing elements that are not algebraic}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|transsendenttinen}}
* German: {{t+|de|transzendent}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υπερβατικός|m}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|अबीजीय}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|torræður|m}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|трансценденттік}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|przestępny|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|transcendent}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|trascendental}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|transcendental}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|igpawin}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|Transcendence}}
* {{sense|philosophy}}
** {{pedia|Transcendentals}}
** {{pedia|Epistemology#Idealism}}
** {{pedia|Metaphysics}}
** {{pedia|Critique of Pure Reason|''Critique of Pure Reason''}}
* {{sense|algebra|number theory|field theory}}
** {{pedia|Transcendental number}}
** {{pedia|Liouville number#Liouville numbers and transcendence}}
** {{pedia|Field (mathematics)#Transcendence bases}}
** {{pedia|Field extension#Transcendental extension}}
** [https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php/Transcendental_extension Transcendental extension] on {{w|Encyclopedia of Mathematics}}
** [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/TranscendentalExtension.html Transcendental Extension] on {{w|MathWorld|Wolfram MathWorld}}

{{C|en|Religion}}

==German==

===Adjective===
{{de-adj|comp}}

# {{obsolete spelling of|de|transzendental}}

====Declension====
{{de-adecl|comp}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|transcendantal}}, from {{der|ro|la|transcendentalis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/ˌtrans.t͡ʃe.denˈtal/}}

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# {{l|en|transcendental}}

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

==Spanish==

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{es-adj}}

# {{l|en|transcendental}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}