View source for Statistics

{{selfref|For Wiktionary’s statistics, see [[Wiktionary:Statistics]] and [[Special:Statistics]]}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}
{{wikibooks}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|en|statisticks||obsolete}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/stəˈtɪstɪks/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-statistics.ogg|a=US}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{bor|en|de|Statistik}}, from {{der|en|NL.|statisticum|t=of the state}} and {{der|en|it|statista|t=statesman, politician}}, compare {{cog|en|statist}}. ''Statistik'' introduced by {{w|Gottfried Achenwall}} (1749), originally designated the analysis of data about the state.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|-}}

# {{senseid|en|Q12483}}A [[discipline]], principally within [[applied mathematics]], concerned with the systematic study of the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of [[data]].
#: {{ux|en|'''Statistics''' is the only mathematical field required for many social sciences.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1972|author={{w|Leonard Jimmie Savage|Leonard J. Savage}}|title=The Foundations of '''Statistics'''|publisher=Dover|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=zSv6dBWneMEC&pg=PA1&dq=%22statistics%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCneWrpaztAhUBTKwKHar5B_cQ6AEwCHoECGAQAg#v=onepage&q=%22statistics%22&f=false|page=1
|passage=As for '''statistics''', the foundations include, on any interpretation of which I have ever heard, the foundations of probability, as controversial a subject as one could name. As in other sciences, controversies over the foundations of '''statistics''' reflect themselves to some extent in everyday practice, nut not nearly so catastrophically as one might imagine.{{...}}It is hard to judge, however, to what extent the relative calm of modern '''statistics''' is due to its domination by a vigorous school relatively well agreed within itself about the foundations.}}
#* '''2004''', David C. LeBlanc, '''''Statistics''': Concepts and Applications for Science'', {{w|Jones and Bartlett Publishers}}, [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=gtawVU0oZFMC&pg=PA61&dq=%22statistics%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCneWrpaztAhUBTKwKHar5B_cQ6AEwB3oECGEQAg#v=onepage&q=%22statistics%22&f=false page 61],
#*: The application of '''statistics''' in the process of science can be divided into three parts: (1) obtaining data (experiment and sampling design), (2) summarizing and describing data (exploratory data analysis, descriptive '''statistics'''), and (3) using data from samples and experiments to make estimates and test competing hypotheses about the universe (inferential '''statistics''').
#* {{quote-journal
|1=en
|date=2012-01
|author=Robert L. Dorit
|title=Rereading Darwin
|volume=100
|issue=1
|page=23
|magazine=w:American Scientist
|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/rereading-darwin
|passage=We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from '''statistics''' to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.
|accessdate=11 May 2013
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114141738/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/rereading-darwin
|archivedate=14 November 2012
}}

=====Usage notes=====
* Within mathematics, the term ''statistics'' usually refers to [[mathematical statistics]].

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|algebraic statistics
|applied statistics
|astrostatistics
|biostatistics
|Bose-Einstein statistics
|braid statistics
|defense-independent pitching statistics
|descriptive statistics
|Einstein-Bose statistics
|ethnostatistics
|Fermi-Dirac statistics
|geostatistics
|inferential statistics
|lexicostatistics
|mathematical statistics
|parastatistics
|particle statistics
|phonostatistics
|photostatistics
|statistician
|stats
|stylostatistics
|superstatistics
|thermostatistics
|vital statistics
}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|mathematical discipline}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|statistikë|f}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|[[عِلْم]] [[اَلْ]][[إِحْصَاء]]|m}}, {{t|ar|إِحْصَائِيَّات|f-p}}, {{t|ar|إِحْصَاء|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|վիճակագրություն}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|estadística|f}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t|az|statistika}}
* Basque: {{t+|eu|estatistika}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|статы́стыка|f}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|পরিসংখ্যান}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|стати́стика|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|စာရင်းအင်းပညာ}}, {{t+|my|စာရင်းအင်း}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|estadística|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|統計學|tr=tǒngjìxué}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|statistika|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|statistik|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|statistiek|f}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|statistiko}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|statistika}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|hagfrøði|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tilastotiede}}
* French: {{t+|fr|statistique|f-p}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|estatística|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სტატისტიკა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Statistik|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στατιστική|f}}
* Gujarati: {{t|gu|આંકડાશાસ્ત્ર|?}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|סְטָטִיסְטִיקָה|f|tr=statístika}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|सांख्यिकी|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|statisztika}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|statistika}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|statistica}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|staidreamh|m}}, {{t|ga|figiúr|m-p|alt=figiúirí}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|statistica|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|統計学|tr=とうけいがく, tōkeigaku}}
* Kannada: {{t+|kn|ಸಂಖ್ಯಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|статистика}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|ស្ថិតិវិទ្យា}}, {{t+|km|ស្ថិតិ}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|통계학(統計學)}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t|ckb|ئامار}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|amar}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|статистика}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ສະຖິຕິສາດ}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|statistika|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|statistika|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|статистика|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|perangkaan}}, {{t|ms|statistik}}
* Malayalam: {{t|ml|സ്ഥിതിഗണിതം}}, {{t+|ml|സാംഖ്യികം}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tatauranga}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|статистик}}
*: Mongolian: {{t|mn|ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠢᠭ}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|statistikk|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|statistikk|m}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|estatistica|f}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|آمار|tr=âmâr}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|statystyka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|estatística|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|statistică|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|стати́стика|f}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|stateestics}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|статѝстика|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|statìstika|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|štatistika|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|statistika|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|estadística|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|statistik|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|palaulatan}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|омор}}, {{t|tg|статистика}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|புள்ளியியல்}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|สถิติ}}, {{t+|th|สถิติศาสตร์}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ስታቲስቲክስ}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|istatistik}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|statistika}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|стати́стика|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|شماریات|tr=śomāriyāt}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|ستاتىستىكا}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|statistika}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|thống kê học}} ({{t|vi|統計學}})
* Welsh: {{t|cy|ystadaeth|f}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|סטאַטיסטיק|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

=====See also=====
* [[Appendix:Glossary of probability and statistics]]

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{en-noun|p}}

# A systematic collection of data on [[measurement]]s or [[observation]]s, often related to [[demographic]] information such as [[population]] counts, incomes, population counts at different ages, etc.
#: {{syn|en|stats|q1=informal}}
#: {{ux|en|The '''statistics''' from the Census for apportionment are available.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1996|author=w:Ron C. Mittelhammer|title=Mathematical Statistics for Economics and Business|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=5OLlwXg6r9kC&pg=PA389&dq=%22statistics%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCneWrpaztAhUBTKwKHar5B_cQ6AEwDnoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=%22statistics%22&f=false|page=389|publisher=Springer
|passage=Sufficient '''statistics''' for a given estimation problem are a collection of '''statistics''' or, equivalently, a collection of functions of the random sample, that summarize or represent all of the information in a random sample that is useful for estimating any <math>\textbf{q}(\!\boldsymbol \Theta\!)</math>.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Marina Carver|title=Study finds Boston police target African-Americans disproportionately|magazine=w:CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/10/09/us/boston-police-stop-frisk/index.html|date=2014-10-09|passage=“Over the past month, the Department has held three separate meetings with the ACLU to receive feedback and engage the organization in the solutions,” the department said in a statement. “As a result of the meetings, the Department agrees that publishing FIO '''statistics''' going forward is necessary, and the Department is working toward personalizing interactions between officers and citizens.”}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|collection of measurements}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|إِحْصَائِيَّة|f}}, {{t|ar|إِحْصَاء|m}}
* Basque: {{t+|eu|estatistika}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|статы́стыка|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|стати́стика|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|စာရင်းအင်း}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|統計|tr=tǒngjì}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|statistika|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|statistik|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|statistiek|f}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|statistika}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tilasto}}, {{t|fi|tilastotiedot|p}}, {{t|fi|tilastot|p}}
* French: {{t+|fr|statistiques|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Statistik|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στατιστική|f}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|आँकड़े|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|statisztika}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|statistica}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|statistica|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|統計|tr=とうけい, tōkei}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ស្ថិតិ}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|통계(統計)}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ສະຖິຕິ}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|statistika|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|statistika|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|статистика|f}}
* Malayalam: {{t|ml|സ്ഥിതിവിവരക്കണക്കുകൾ}}, {{t+|ml|സ്ഥിതിവിവരം}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|statistikk|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|statistikk|m}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|statystyka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|estatísticas|f-p}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|statistică|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|стати́стика|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|статѝстика|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|statìstika|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|štatistika|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|statistika|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|estadística|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|statistik|c}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|สถิติ}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|istatistik}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|стати́стика|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|thống kê}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|ystadegau|f-p}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|סטאַטיסטיק|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
{{nonlemma}}

====Noun====
{{head|en|noun form}}

# {{plural of|en|statistic}}

====Verb====
{{head|en|verb form}}

# {{infl of|en|statistic||s-verb-form}}

{{C|en|Statistics}}