View source for Sheaf

{{also|sheave}}

==English==
{{wikipedia}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|scheef}}, from {{inh|en|ang|sċēaf}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*skaub}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*skauba-|t=sheaf}}.

{{col-top|2|cog}}
Akin to {{cog|fy|skeaf|t=sheaf}}, {{cog|nl|schoof|t=sheaf}}, {{cog|de|Schaub}}, {{cog|non|skauf||a fox's tail}}. Compare further {{cog|got|𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍆𐍄||hair of the head}}, {{cog|de|Schopf||tuft}}.
{{col-bottom}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|shēf}}, {{IPA|en|/ʃiːf/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-sheaf.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːf|s=1}}
[[File:Wheat sheaves near King's Somborne - geograph.org.uk - 889992.jpg|thumb|Sheaves]]

===Noun===
{{en-noun|sheaves|s}}

# {{senseid|en|Q942040}}A quantity of the [[stalk]]s and [[ear]]s of [[wheat]], [[rye]], or other [[grain]], [[bound]] together; a [[bundle]] of grain or [[straw]].
#: {{syn|en|reap}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Titus|V|III|line=70|text=O, let me teach you how to knit again / This scattered corn into one mutual '''sheaf''', / These broken limbs again into one body.}}
#* {{RQ:Dryden Georgics|1|60|lines=429–430|text=Ev’n while the Reaper fills his greedy hands, / And binds the golden '''Sheafs''' in brittle bands}}
# Any [[collection]] of things [[bound]] together.
#: {{syn|en|bundle}}
#: {{ux|en|a '''sheaf''' of paper}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1986|author=w:John le Carré| title=w:A Perfect Spy| passage=Together the two men march up the aisle and mount the dais, and while Muspole shakes hands with the chairman and his lady, the major draws a '''sheaf'''  of notes from a briefcase and lays them on the table.}}
# A bundle of [[arrow]]s sufficient to fill a [[quiver]], or the [[allowance]] of each [[archer]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:John Dryden|chapter=|title=Palamon and Arcite| year=1700| passage=The '''sheaf''' of arrows shook, and rattled in the case.}}
# A [[quantity]] of [[arrow]]s, usually [[twenty-four]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1786|author=Francis Grose|title=A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons|page=34
|passage=Arrows were anciently made of reeds, afterwards of cornel wood, and occasionally of every species of wood: but according to Roger Ascham, ash was best; arrows were reckoned by '''sheaves''', a '''sheaf''' consisted of twenty-four arrows.}}
# {{lb|en|mechanical}} A [[sheave]].
# {{lb|en|mathematics}} An abstract construct in [[topology]] that associates [[data]] to the [[open set]]s of a [[topological space]] (i.e. a [[presheaf]]) in such a way so as to make the [[local]] and [[global]] data compatible, generalizing the situation of [[function]]s, [[fiber bundle]]s, [[manifold]] structure, etc. on a topological space. Formally, a [[presheaf]] <math>\mathcal{F}</math> whose [[section]]s are, in a technical sense, uniquely determined by their [[restriction]]s onto smaller sets: that is, given an open cover <math>\{U_i \}</math> of <math>U</math>:
## If two sections over <math>U</math> agree under restriction to every <math>U_i</math>, then the sections are the same.
## Given a family of sections <math>s_i \in \mathcal{F}(U_i)</math> such that all pairs <math>(s_i, s_j)</math> agree under restriction to <math>U_i \cap U_j</math>, there is a (unique) section <math>s</math> over <math>U</math> whose restriction to <math>U_i</math> is <math>s_i</math>.

====Derived terms====
{{col|en|indsheaf|: B-sheaf|sheaf theory|structure sheaf|sheafwise}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|bundle of grain or straw}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|حُزْمَة|f}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|խուրձ}}, {{t+|hy|կապուկ}}, {{t+|hy|շալակ}}, {{t+|hy|տրցակ}}
* Aromanian: {{t|rup|mãnuclju|n}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|сноп|m|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|be|вяза́нка|f|sc=Cyrl}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|сноп|m|sc=Cyrl}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|garba|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|束|tr=shù}}
* Chuvash: {{t|cv|кӗлте}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|snop|m}}
* Dalmatian: {{t|dlm|falja}}
* Danish: {{t|da|neg}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|schoof}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|garbo}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|bundi|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|lyhde}} {{q|grain}}, {{t+|fi|kupo}} {{q|straw}}, {{t+|fi|roivas}} {{q|fiber plant, e.g. flax}}
* French: {{t+|fr|gerbe|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|feixe|m}}, {{t+|gl|mollo|m}}, {{t|gl|gavela|f}}, {{t+|gl|monllo|m}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|ძნა}}, {{t|ka|კონა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Garbe|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|δεμάτι|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|δράγμα|n}}, {{t|grc|ἄμαλλα|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אֲלֻמָּה|f|tr=alumá}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kéve}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|lyhe}}, {{t|izh|vihko}}, {{t|izh|kupo}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|punann|f}}
* Italian: {{t|it|covone|m}}, {{t+|it|fascio|m}}, {{t+|it|mazzo|m}}, {{t+|it|balla|f}}, {{t+|it|mannello|m}}, {{t+|it|frecce|f-p}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|束|tr=たば, taba|sc=Jpan}}
* Komi-Permyak: {{t|koi|кольта}}
* Komi-Zyrian: {{t|kpv|кольта}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|단}}
* Latgalian: {{t|ltg|kiuļs}}, {{t|ltg|snaps}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|merges|f}}, {{t|la|manipulus|m}}, {{q|Medieval}} {{t|la|garba|f}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|kūlis|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|сноп|m|sc=Cyrl}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|पेंढी|f}}, {{t|mr|पेंडी|f}}, {{t|mr|भारा|m}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|nek}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|بسک|tr=bask}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Goaw|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|snop|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|gavela|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|mănunchi|n}}, {{t+|ro|fascicul|n}}, {{t+|ro|legătură|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|сноп|m}}, {{t+|ru|вяза́нка|f}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|stook}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|sguab|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|сноп|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|snop|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|snop|m}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|snop|m}}
* Sorbian:
*: Lower Sorbian: {{t|dsb|snop|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|haz|m}}, {{t+|es|atado|m}}, {{t+|es|atada|f}}, {{t+|es|mies|f}}, {{t+|es|gavilla|f}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|mganda}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kärve}}, {{t|sv|sädeskärve|c}}
* Udmurt: {{t|udm|культо}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|сніп|m|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|uk|в'яза́нка|f|sc=Cyrl}}
* Walloon: {{t+|wa|djåbe|f}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|ysgub|f}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|גאַרב|m}}, {{t|yi|סנאָפּ|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|any collection of things bound together; a bundle}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|կապոց}}, {{t+|hy|փաթեթ}}, {{t+|hy|կապ}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|връзка|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|feix|m}}
* Chinese: 
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|捆}} 
* Czech: {{t+|cs|svazek|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|bundel|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|nippu}}
* French: {{t+|fr|faisceau|m}}, {{t+|fr|liasse|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Bündel|n}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|δέσμη|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|fascio|m}}, {{t+|it|mazzo|m}}, {{t+|it|fascicolo|m}}, {{t+|it|raccolta|f}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|kākati}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|भारा|m}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Goaw|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|feixe|m}}, {{t+|pt|lio|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|свя́зка|f}}, {{t+|ru|па́чка|f}}, {{t+|ru|пучо́к|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|atado|m}}, {{t+|es|atada|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|bunt}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|sypyn|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|sheave}}

{{trans-top|mathematical construct}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|сноп|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|feix|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|層|tr=céng}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|knippe|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|schoof}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|lyhde}}
* French: {{t+|fr|faisceau|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Garbe|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kéve}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|fascio|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|層|tr=そう, sō}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|층}}
* Norwegian: {{t|no|knippe|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|feixe}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|пучо́к|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|snop|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|haz|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kärve}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Hebrew: {{t+check|he|עמר|tr=omer}}
* Korean: {{t+check|ko|단}}, {{t+check|ko|다발}}
* Spanish: {{t-check|es|fibrilla|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[gather]] and bind into a sheaf; to make into sheaves
#: {{ux|en|to '''sheaf''' wheat}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To [[collect]] and bind [[cut]] grain, or the like; to make sheaves.
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare As You Like It|III|II|line=107|text=They that [[reap]] must sheaf and bind; Then to [[cart]] with Rosalind.}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aefhs|SFHEA|Shefa|SHAEF}}

{{cln|en|nouns with irregular plurals}}
{{C|en|Units of measure}}