View source for Secular

{{also|Secular}}
==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|en|sæcular}} {{q|archaic}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|seculer}}, from {{der|en|fro|seculer}}, from {{der|en|la|saeculāris||of the age}}, from {{m|la|saeculum}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈsɛkjʊlə/|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈsɛkjələɹ/|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|En-us-secular.ogg|a=US}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj}}

# Not specifically [[religious]]; [[lay]] or [[civil]], as opposed to [[clerical]]; [[profane]].
# [[temporal|Temporal]]; [[worldly]], or otherwise not based on something [[timeless]].
# {{lb|en|Christianity}} Not bound by the vows of a [[monastic]] [[order]].
#: {{ux|en|'''secular''' clergy in Catholicism}}
# Happening once in an age or century.
#: {{ux|en|The '''secular''' games of ancient Rome were held to mark the end of a saeculum and the beginning of the next.}}
# Continuing over a long period of time, [[long-term]].
#: {{ux|en|The long-term growth in population and income accounts for most '''secular''' trends in economic phenomena.}}
#: {{ux|en|on a '''secular''' basis}}
#* '''2005''', Alpha Chiang and Kevin Wainwright, ''Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics'' (4th ed.), McGraw-Hill International, p. 501
#*: In this event, the <math>s\phi(k)</math> curve in Fig. 15.5 will be subject to a '''secular''' upward shift, resulting in successively higher intersections with the <math>\lambda k</math> ray and also in larger values of <math>\bar k</math>.
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=2006|work=The Economist|url=http://www.economist.com/node/5468383|title=Economics focus: Dividing the pie|passage=The skewed distribution of productivity gains is thus less a new phenomenon than a '''secular''' trend.}}
# {{lb|en|literary}} Centuries-old, ancient.
#* {{RQ:Conrad Heart of Darkness|part=III|passage=The long reaches that were like one and the same reach, monotonous bends that were exactly alike, slipped past the steamer with their multitude of '''secular''' trees looking patiently after this grimy fragment of another world, the forerunner of change, of conquest, of trade, of massacres, of blessings.}}
# {{lb|en|astrophysics|geology}} Relating to [[long-term]] [[non-periodic]] [[irregularity|irregularities]], especially in planetary motion or magnetic field.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2003|author=E. T. Jaynes|title=Probability Theory: The Logic of Science|pages=234–235|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|passage=Laplace (1749–1827) "saved the world" by using probability theory to estimate the parameters accurately enough to show that the drift of Jupiter was not '''secular''' after all; the observations at hand had covered only a fraction of a cycle of an oscillation with a period of about 880 years.}}
# {{lb|en|atomic physics}} Unperturbed over time.
#* '''2000''', S. A. Dikanov, ''Two-dimensional ESEEM Spectroscopy'', in ''New Advances in Analytical Chemistry'' (Atta-ur-Rahman, ed.), page 539
#*: ''The '''secular''' A and nonsecular B parts of hyperfine interaction for any particular frequencies ν<sub>α</sub> and ν<sub>β</sub> are derived from eqn.(21) by ...''

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|not religious}} {{l|en|worldly}}
* {{sense|centuries old}} {{l|en|plurisecular}}, {{l|en|multisecular}}

====Antonyms====
* {{l|en|nonsecular}}
* {{antsense|not religious}} {{l|en|religious}}
* {{antsense|not religious}} {{l|en|sacred}} (used especially of [[music]])
* {{antsense|not bound by monastic vows}} {{l|en|monastic}}
* {{antsense|not bound by monastic vows}} {{l|en|regular}} (as '''''regular''' clergy'' in Catholicism)
* {{l|en|eternal}}, {{l|en|everlasting}}
* {{l|en|frequent}}
* {{l|en|unpredictable}}
* {{l|en|non-recurring}}
* {{antsense|finance}} {{l|en|short-term}}
* {{antsense|finance}} {{l|en|cyclical}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|en|Secular Zionism
|multisecular
|paleosecular
|plurisecular
|pro-secular
|secular arm
|secular equilibrium
|secularism
|secularist
|secularize
|secularly
|secular progressivism
|secular resonance
|semisecular
}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|not specifically religious}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|laik}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|دُنْيَوِيّ}}, {{t|ar|عَلْمَانِيّ}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|աշխարհիկ}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t|az|dünyəvi}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|све́цкі}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|све́тски}}, {{t+|bg|ми́рски}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|secular}}, {{t+|ca|laic}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|世俗|tr=shìsú}}, {{t+|cmn|凡|tr=fán}}, {{t+|cmn|塵俗|tr=chénsú}}, {{t+|cmn|非宗教|tr=fēizōngjiāo}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|světský}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|verdslig}}, {{t+|da|sekulær}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|seculier}}, {{t+|nl|wereldlijk}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|sekulara}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|maallinen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|séculier}}, {{t+|fr|laïque}}, {{t+|fr|mondain}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|secular}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სეკულარული}}
* German: {{t+|de|säkular}}, {{t+|de|weltlich}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κοσμικός|m}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ἄθεος}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|חול|tr=khol}}, {{t+|he|חילוני|m|tr=khiloní}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|पन्थनिरपेक्ष}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|világi}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|veraldlegur}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|sekuler}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|saolta}}, {{t|ga|tuata}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|secolare}}, {{t+|it|laico}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|世俗|alt=世俗的な|tr=せぞくてきな, sezokuteki na}}, {{t+|ja|世俗|alt=世俗の|tr=せぞくの, sezoku no}}, {{t|ja|非宗教的|alt=非宗教的な|tr=ひしゅうきょうてきな, hishūkyōteki na}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|дүниелік}}, {{t|kk|дүнияуи}}, {{t|kk|зайырлы}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|세속적(世俗的)}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|sekuler}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|дүйнөлүк}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ທາງໂລກ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|profānus}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|светски}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|sekular}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|മതേതര}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|whakawhenua}}, {{t|mi|hāhikore}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|sétchulyi}} {{q|Jersey}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|sekulær}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|دنیوی|tr=dünyevi}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|دنیوی|tr=donyavi}}, {{t|fa|سکولار|tr=sekulâr}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|świecki}}, {{t+|pl|laicki}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|secular}}, {{t+|pt|laico}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|laic}}, {{t+|ro|secular}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|све́тский}}, {{t+|ru|мирско́й}}, {{t+|ru|секуля́рный}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|saoghalta}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|светован}}, {{t|sh|свјетован}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|svetovan}}, {{t|sh|svjetovan}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|svetský}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|posveten}}, {{t|sl|sekularen}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|seglar}}, {{t+|es|laico}}, {{t+|es|mundano}}, {{t+|es|secular}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|sekulär}}, {{t+|sv|världslig}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|banwahanin}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|ғайридинӣ}}, {{t|tg|дунявӣ}}
* Thai: {{t|th|ทางโลก}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|seküler}}, {{t+|tr|dünyevi}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|dünýewi}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|сві́тський}}, {{t|uk|мирськи́й}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|دُنیاوی|tr=duniyāvī}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|dunyoviy}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|thế tục}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|סעקולער}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|temporal}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|веко́вен}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|tijdelijk}},
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|maallinen}}, {{t+|fi|ajallinen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|séculier}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κοσμικός|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|sekuler}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|whakawhenua}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|sétchulyi}} {{q|Jersey}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|secular}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|saoghalta}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|seglar}}, {{t+|es|secular}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|not bound by the vows of a monastic order}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|světský}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|maallikko|alt=maallikko-}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|sekulir}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|secolare}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|seglar}}, {{t+|es|secular}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|happening once in an age or century}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sekulaarinen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|séculaire}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|secolare}}, {{t|it|centennale}} {{qualifier|rare}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|secular}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|secular}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|long-term}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|тра́ен}}, {{t+|bg|продължи́телен}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|lange termijn}},
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pysyvä}}, {{t+|fi|pitkäaikainen}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|secular}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|sekulär}}, {{t|sv|långsamt skeende}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|astrophysics: of or pertaining to long-term non-periodic irregularities}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sekulaarinen}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|secular}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|atomic physics: unperturbed over time}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sekulaarinen}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Albanian: {{t+check|sq|shekullar}}
* Dutch: {{t+check|nl|seculier}}
* French: {{t+check|fr|profane}}
* Italian: {{t+check|it|secolare}}
* Malayalam: {{t+check|ml|മതേതരം}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A secular [[ecclesiastic]], or one not bound by [[monastic]] [[rule]]s.
#* {{RQ:Burke Revolution in France|passage=On further examination, I found the clergy, in general, persons of moderate minds and decorous manners : I include the '''seculars''', and the regulars of both sexes}}
# A [[church]] [[official]] whose [[function]]s are confined to the [[vocal]] [[department]] of the [[choir]].<ref> '''1817''', {{w|Thomas Busby}}, ''A Dictionary of Music, Theoretical and Practical''</ref>
# A [[layman]], as distinguished from a [[clergyman]].

====Translations====
{{trans-top|secular ecclesiastic, or one not bound by monastic rules}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sekulaari}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|sekulir}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|seglar|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|church official whose functions are confined to the vocal department of the choir}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sekulaari}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|layman, as distinguished from a clergyman}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|мирянин|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|maallikko}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|secolare|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
<references/>
* {{R:OneLook}}
* {{R:Keywords 21st}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* [http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/wget.cgi?secular Webster's English Dictionary]

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acelrsu|Clauser|cesural|recusal}}

==Catalan==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ca|la|saeculāris}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA|[a(rr)]}}<!-- per GDLC -->

===Adjective===
{{ca-adj}}

# {{l|en|secular}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ca|secularitzar}}
* {{l|ca|secularment}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:GDLC}}
* {{R:ca:DNV}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|pt|la|saeculāris}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA|secularh}}
* {{hyphenation|pt|se|cu|lar}}

===Adjective===
{{pt-adj}}

# {{l|en|secular}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|pt|secularizar}}
* {{l|pt|secularmente}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|séculaire}}, from {{der|ro|la|saecularis}}.

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# {{l|en|secular}}

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

==Spanish==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|es|la|saeculāris}}. {{doublet|es|seglar}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{es-adj}}

# {{l|en|secular}}
#: {{syn|es|laico}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|es|secularidad|secularizar|secularmente}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}