View source for Punctum

==English==
[[File:Ut queant laxis Gregorian notation Benedictine tradition.gif|thumb|The first three notes in this chant are represented by puncta.]]

===Etymology 1===
From {{bor|en|la|pūnctum}}. {{doublet|en|point|pointe|ponto|puncto|punt<id:point>|punto}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|s|puncta}}

# {{lb|en|anatomy}} A sharp tip of any part of the [[anatomy]]; a [[point]] or other small [[area]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1861|title=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Zoology, Botany, and Geology
|passage=Thus, from what has been stated, we see that neither the white '''puncta''' nor the minute white branchwork of lines were ever tubular.}}
# {{lb|en|music}} A [[neume]] representing a single tone.

=====Derived terms=====
{{col3|en|punctum caecum|punctum proximum|punctum remotum|punctum vasculosum|punctum vegetationis|lacrimal punctum|punctum delens|punctum saliens|punctum stans
}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|en|punctal}}

===Etymology 2===
Coined in 1980 by French literary theorist [[w:Roland Barthes|Roland Barthes]] in his book ''Camera Lucida''.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|s|puncta}}

# {{lb|en|photography}} A [[detail]] in a [[photograph]] that captures the viewer's attention and evokes an [[emotional]] response or personal [[connection]] beyond the intended subject.
#* {{quote-book|en
|title=Photography theory
|year=2007
|passage={{...}}the '''punctum''' is something that is seen by the viewer, without it being shown to them by the photographer. As such, it functions, according to Fried, as an “ontological guarantee” (553) of a given photograph’s nontheatricality.
|page=87
|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/photographytheor0000unse/page/87/mode/1up?q=punctum}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2012|author=Jeff Rice|title=Digital Detroit: Rhetoric and Space in the Age of the Network|page=160
|passage=Barthes describes the '''punctum''' (the nonconnotative or denotative meaning) of the photograph (or movie still) in such a manner; the detail relevant or not relevant to the image's overall meaning becomes the focus of an otherwise forgettable picture {{...}}}}

==French==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-punctum.wav}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# [[field of vision]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Latin==

===Etymology===
Neuter form of {{m|la|pūnctus}}, the perfect passive participle of {{m|la|pungō||to prick, puncture}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA}}

===Noun===
{{la-noun|pūnctum<2>}}

# {{lb|la||also|_|grammar|maths}} [[point]]
#* {{quote-book|1=la|origyear=1712|year=1858|author=w:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|title=Gesammelte Werke: Leibnizens mathematische Schriften|trans-title=Collected Works: Leibniz's Mathematical Writings|editors=Carl Immanuel Gerhardt; Georg Heinrich Pertz|volume=5|section="In Euclidis πρῶτα" [About the first things of Euclid]|page=183|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/leibnizensmathe07leibgoog/page/n199/mode/1up|text=I. '''''Pūnctum''''' est cujus pars nūlla est.<br/>Addendum est, ''situm habēns''. Aliōquī et temporis īnstāns, et Anima '''pūnctum''' foret. Sit locus <small><math>\bar{X}</math></small>; sī jam quicquid est in locō <small><math>\bar{X}</math></small>, sit <math>X</math>, dīcētur <math>X</math> esse '''pūnctum''', quāle <math>A</math>.|t=1. A '''''point''''' is that of which there is no part.<br/>''Having a position'' must be added. Otherwise, both an instant of time and a Soul would be a '''point'''. Let there be a locus <small><math>\bar{X}</math></small>; if anything is already in the locus <small><math>\bar{X}</math></small>, let it be <math>X</math>. <math>X</math> will be said to be a '''point''', such as <math>A</math>.}}
# [[puncture]]
# [[moment]]
# small [[portion]]
# an affirmative [[vote]], [[suffrage]], [[ballot]]
# {{lb|la|poetry}} [[applause]], [[approbation]]

====Declension====
{{la-ndecl|pūnctum<2>}}

====Synonyms====
* {{l|la|pūnctus}}

====Descendants====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ast|puntu}}
* {{desc|ca|punt}}
* {{desc|da|punktum|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|punt|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|punctum|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|pont}}
* {{desc|gl|punto}}
* {{desc|de|Punkt|Punktum|bor=1}}
** {{desc|eo|punkto|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|punkt|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hu|pont|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ro|pont|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ga|ponc}}
* {{desc|it|punto}}
** {{desc|en|punto|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ota|پونطو|bor=1|tr=punto}}
*** {{desc|tr|punto}}
* {{desc|gml|punct|bor=1}}
** {{desc|non|punktr|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|da|punkt}}
*** {{desc|nb|punkt}}
*** {{desc|sv|punkt}}
* {{desc|wlm|pwnc|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cy|pwnc}}
* {{desc|nb|punktum|bor=1}}
* {{desc|oc|ponch}}
* {{desctree|zlw-ocs|punkt|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|fro|point}}
** {{desc|enm|point|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|wlm|pwynt|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|cy|pwynt}}
*** {{desctree|en|point}}
** {{desc|frm|poinct}}
*** {{desc|fr|point}}
**** {{desc|da|point|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|nl|punt|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|nb|poeng|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|pl|pointa|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|sv|poäng|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|tr|puan|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mga|pointe|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ga|pointe}}
** {{desc|nrf|point}}
* {{desc|pt|ponto}}
* {{desc|pl|punkt|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|cel-bry-pro|*puɨθ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|wlm|pwyth}}
*** {{desc|cy|pwyth}}
* {{desc|ro|punct|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|пункт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|scn|puntu}}
* {{desc|es|punto}}
** {{desc|tl|punto|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|ponto}}
{{bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:du Cange}}
* {{R:Gaffiot}}

{{C|la|Time}}