View source for Permanent

==English==

===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*men- (stay)}}
{{etymon|en|id=without end|bor|frm>permanent>without end}}
From {{inh|en|enm|permanent}}, {{m|enm|permanente}}, from {{der|en|frm|permanent}}, from {{der|en|la|permanēns}}, from {{m|la|permaneō||I stay through}}. {{etydate|15th century}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈpɜː.mə.nənt/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈpɜɹ.mə.nənt/|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-permanent.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɜː(ɹ)mənənt|s=3}}
* {{hyph|en|per|ma|nent}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj}}

# [[without end|Without end]], [[eternal]].
#: {{ux|en|Nothing in this world is truly '''permanent'''.}}
# Lasting for an [[indefinitely]] long time.
#: {{ux|en|The countries are now locked in a '''permanent''' state of conflict.}}

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|without end}} {{l|en|everlasting}}, {{l|en|forever}}, {{l|en|neverending}}, {{l|en|unending}}; see also [[Thesaurus:eternal]] or [[Thesaurus:endless]]
* {{sense|lasting for an indefinitely long time}} {{l|en|durable}}, {{l|en|intransient}}; see also [[Thesaurus:lasting]]

====Antonyms====
* {{l|en|impermanent}}, {{l|en|temporary}}

====Derived terms====
{{col4|en
|impermanent| permanent private hall|there is nothing more permanent than a temporary solution
|permanent brain
|permanent dirt
|permanent income hypothesis
|permanent loan
|permanently
|permanent magnet
|permanent marker
|permanent paper
|permanent-press
|permanent press
|permanent residency
|permanent resident
|permanent revolution
|permanent revolutionary
|permanent revolutionist
|permanent shave
|permanent tooth
|permanent wave
|permanent way
|permanent white
|semipermanent
|semi-permanent
}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|permafrost}}
* {{l|en|permatemp}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|without end}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|دَائِم}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|մշտական}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|daimi}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|пастая́нны}}, {{t|be|ста́лы}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|মুদামি}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|постоя́нен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|permanent}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|永久|tr=yǒngjiǔ}}
* Crimean Tatar: {{t|crh|temelli}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|trvalý}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|bestendig}}, {{t+|nl|voorgoed}}, {{t+|nl|eeuwig}}, {{t+|nl|permanent}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|püsiv}}, {{t|et|jääv}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pysyvä}}, {{t+|fi|ikuinen}}, {{t+|fi|jatkuva}}, {{t+|fi|kestävä}}, {{t+|fi|vakituinen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|permanent}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|permanente}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|მუდმივი|sc=Geor}}, {{t|ka|მარადი|sc=Geor}}, {{t|ka|სამუდამო}}, {{t|ka|მარადიული}}
* German: {{t+|de|permanent}}, {{t+|de|ständig}}, {{t+|de|beständig}}, {{t+|de|unbefristet}}, {{t+|de|dauerhaft}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|स्थायी}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|állandó}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|permananta}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|permanen}}, {{t+|id|langgeng}}, {{t+|id|kekal}}, {{t+|id|abadi}}, {{t+|id|daim}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|permanente}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|永久|tr=えいきゅうの, eikyū-no|alt=永久の|sc=Jpan}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|[[영구적]][[-이다|-인]]}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|aeternus}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|kekal}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tūturu}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|heahfæst}}, {{t|ang|unateorigendlic}}, {{t|ang|ungewitendlic}}, {{t|ang|unlæne}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|صوڭسز|tr=soñsız}}, {{t|ota|ابدی|tr=ebedî}}, {{t|ota|دایم|tr=daim}}, {{t|ota|موبد|tr=muʿebbed}}, {{t|ota|پاینده|tr=payende, payanda}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ماندگار|tr=mândegâr}}, {{t+|fa|پایدار|tr=pâydâr}}, {{t+|fa|جاودان|tr=jâvdân}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|stały}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|permanente}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|постоя́нный}}, {{t+|ru|неизме́нный}}, {{t+|ru|пермане́нтный}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|trajan}}, {{t+|sh|stalan}}, {{t+|sh|vjȅčan}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|permanente}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|ständig}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|palagian}}; {{t|tl|permanente}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|శాశ్వతం}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ถาวร}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|пості́йний}}, {{t|uk|ста́лий}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|lasting for an indefinitely long time}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|մշտական}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|daimi}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|дълготраен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|permanent}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|長久|tr=chángjiǔ}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|trvalý}}
* Danish: {{t|da|varig}}, {{t+|da|permanent}}, {{t|da|blivende}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|daŭra}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|igavene}}, {{t|et|jäädav}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|varandi}}, {{t|fo|áhaldandi}}, {{t|fo|støðugur}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pysyvä}}, {{t+|fi|ikuinen}}, {{t+|fi|jatkuva}}, {{t+|fi|kestävä}}, {{t+|fi|vakituinen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|permanent}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|permanente}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სამუდამო|sc=Geor}}, {{t|ka|სამარადისო|sc=Geor}}
* German: {{t+|de|ständig}}, {{t+|de|permanent}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|tartós}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|varanlegur}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|permananta}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|langgeng}}, {{t+|id|kekal}}, {{t+|id|abadi}}, {{t+|id|daim}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|permanente}}, {{t+|it|fisso}}
* Latin: {{t|la|statīvus}}
* Malay:
*: Rumi: {{t+|ms|kekal}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|സ്ഥിര}}, {{t|ml|സ്ഥിരമായ}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|pūwhenua}} {{qualifier|referring to settlement and home}}, {{t|mi|pūmau}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|permanent}}, {{t+|nb|fast}}, {{t|nb|varig}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|permanent}}, {{t|nn|fast}}, {{t|nn|varig}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|پاینده|tr=payende, payanda}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|همیشگی|tr=hamišegi}}, {{t|fa|بی‌پایان|tr=bi-pâyân}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|bestendich}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|permanentny}}, {{t+|pl|trwały}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|permanente}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|долговре́менный}}, {{t+|ru|пермане́нтный}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|dugotrajan}}, {{t+|sh|trȃjan}}
* Sindhi: {{t|sd|مستقل|sc=sd-Arab}}, {{t|sd|دائمي|sc=sd-Arab}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|permanente}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|varaktig}}, {{t+|sv|bestående}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|palagian}}; {{t|tl|permanente}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|శాశ్వతం}}
* Tocharian B: {{t|txb|eṃṣketstse}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Esperanto: {{t-check|eo|konstanta}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Noun===
{{wp}}
{{en-noun}}

# A [[chemical]] [[hair]] [[treatment]] imparting or removing [[curliness]], whose effects typically last for a period of weeks; a [[perm]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1943|author=w:Raymond Chandler|title=The High Window|page=8|publisher=Penguin|year_published=2005
|passage=She had pewter-coloured hair set in a ruthless '''permanent''', a hard beak and large moist eyes with the sympathetic expression of wet stones.}}
# {{lb|en|linear algebra|combinatorics}} Given an <math>n \times n</math> matrix <math>a_{ij} \,</math>, the sum over all permutations <math>\pi \,</math> of <math>\prod_{i=1}^n{a_{i\pi(i)}}</math>.
# {{lb|en|trading card games}} A card whose effects persist beyond the turn on which it is played.

====Translations====
{{trans-top|hair treatment}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|трайно къдрене}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|燙髮|tr=tàngfà}}, {{t|cmn|燙頭|tr=tàngtóu}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|permanent|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|permanent|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|permanentti}}, {{t|fi|kestokiharat}}
* French: {{t+|fr|permanente|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Dauerwelle|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|περμανάντ|f|sc=Grek}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|dauer}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|permanent|n}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|permanente|f}}, {{t|it|messa in piega|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|パーマ|tr=pāma|sc=Jpan}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|파마}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|trwała|f}}, {{t+|pl|trwała ondulacja|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|пермане́нт|m}}, {{t+|ru|зави́вка|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|sum over all permutations}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|permanentti}}
* French: {{t+|fr|permanent}}
* German: {{t|de|Permanente|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===See also===
{{col4|en
|determinant
|ephemeral
|relaxer
|temporary
}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive|dated}} To [[perm]] (the hair).

===Further reading===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:OneLook}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aeemnnprt|Petermann|merpentan}}

{{C|en|Hair|Time}}

==Catalan==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}

===Adjective===
{{ca-adj}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ca|permanència}}
* {{l|ca|permanentment}}

====Further reading====
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}

==Danish==

===Etymology===
From {{der|da|la|permanēns}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|da|[pæɐ̯maˈnɛnˀd]}}

===Adjective===
{{da-adj|-|e}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}
#:{{syn|da|vedvarende|stadig|konstant}}
#:{{ant|da|temporær}}

====Inflection====
{{da-infl-adj}}

===References===
{{R:DDO}}

==Dutch==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|nl|fr|permanent}}, from {{der|nl|la|permanēns}}. The noun is a shortening of {{m|nl|permanent hairwave}}, which was borrowed from {{der|nl|en|permanent hairwave}}, and may have been influenced by or borrowed from American {{der|nl|en|permanent}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˌpɛr.maːˈnɛnt/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-permanent.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|per|ma|nent}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɛnt}}

===Adjective===
{{nl-adj|-}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}
#: {{ant|nl|tijdelijk}}

====Declension====
{{nl-decl-adj||-}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|nl|permanentie}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|id|bor=1|permanen|pêrmanèn}}

===Noun===
{{nl-noun|m|-en|+}}

# {{lb|nl|chiefly diminutive}} [[perm]], {{l|en|permanent}}, [[permanent wave]] {{defdate|from ca. 1930}}
#* '''1932''' February 6, "Nieuwe kapperszaak", ''Het Vaderland'', vol. 63, evening edition, part 1, page 2.
#*: {{quote|nl|In elk kamertje is een keurige kaptafel met de bijbehoorende ingrediënten, knusse hoekjes, echt uitnoodigend tot een genoegelijk '''permanentje''' of watergolfje.|In each cubicle there is a proper hairdressing table with the concomitant ingredients, cozy corners, really inviting for a '''perm''' or a setting hairstyle.}}
#* '''1937''', H. Kuyper-van Oordt, "Jonker Costijn", in ''Het heerlijk ambacht'', G. F. Callenbach (publ., 6th. print), page 121.
#*: {{quote|nl|Wat een lichte jurken, en lichte zomermantels, en '''permanentjes''' en nette beenen.|Such light dresses, and light summer coats, and '''perms''' and tidy legs.}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|nl|permanenten}}

==French==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fr|frm|permanant}}, {{m|frm|permanent}}, from {{der|fr|la|permanentem}} (accusative of {{m|la|permanēns}}).

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-permanent.ogg}}

===Adjective===
{{fr-adj}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|ordre permanent}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# {{lb|fr|mathematics}} {{l|en|permanent#Noun|permanent}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|fr|permanence}}
* {{l|fr|impermanent}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==German==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|de|fr|permanent}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|de|/pɛʁmaˈnɛnt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-permanent.ogg}}

===Adjective===
{{de-adj}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}

====Declension====
{{de-adecl}}

===Adverb===
{{de-adv}}

# [[permanently]], [[incessantly]]
#: {{syn|de|ständig|unaufhörlich}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:DWDS}}

==Ladin==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|lld|permanënt}}

===Adjective===
{{lld-adj|permanent}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}

==Latin==

===Verb===
{{head|la|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|la|permaneō||3|p|pres|actv|indc}}

==Middle French==
{{etymon|frm|id=without end|lbor|la>permaneō>to stay to the end}}

===Adjective===
{{frm-adj}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==

===Etymology===
From {{der|nb|la|permanēns}}.

===Adjective===
{{head|nb|adjective|neuter singular|permanent|definite singular and plural|permanente}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}
# (''as an adverb'') [[permanently]]

===References===
* {{R:The Bokmål Dictionary}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==

===Etymology===
From {{der|nn|la|permanēns}}.

===Adjective===
{{head|nn|adjective|neuter singular|permanent|definite singular and plural|permanente}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}

===References===
* {{R:The Nynorsk Dictionary}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|permanent}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ro|/per.maˈnent/}}
* {{rhyme|ro|ent|s=3}}
* {{hyph|ro|per|ma|nent}}

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

===Adverb===
{{ro-adv}}

# [[permanently]] {{gl|forever}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|ro|permanentiza}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ro|permanență}}

====See also====
* {{l|ro|în permanență}}

===References===
* {{R:DEX}}
* {{cite-book||1978||w:Dicționarul Limbii Române|https://dlr1.solirom.ro/|452|pageurl=https://cflr-scans.solirom.ro/A100059/scans/14/f0094.png|editors=w:Iorgu Iordan; w:Alexandru Graur; w:ro:Ion Coteanu|location=w:Bucharest|publisher=w:[[Romanian Academy|Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania]]|volume=8, part 2}}

==Swedish==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|sv|Sv-permanent.ogg}}

===Adjective===
{{sv-adj|-}}

# {{l|en|permanent}}
#: {{ant|sv|tillfällig}}

====Declension====
{{sv-adj-abs|2=permanent}}

===Noun===
{{sv-noun|c}}

# [[perm]], {{l|en|permanent}} {{gl|a treatment to make hair curly}}
# [[permed]] [[hair]]

====Declension====
{{sv-infl-noun-c-er}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|sv|permanenta}}

===References===
* {{R:svenska.se|so}}
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* {{R:svenska.se|saob}}