View source for Module

{{also|Module|modulé}}
==English==
{{wikipedia}}

===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*med-}}
Borrowed from {{bor|en|fr|module}}, from {{der|en|la|modulus||a small measure, a measure, mode, meter}}, diminutive of {{m|la|modus||measure}} (whence {{m|en|mode}}). {{doublet|en|modulus|mold}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈmɒdjuːl/|/ˈmɒd͡ʒuːl/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-module.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈmɑd͡ʒul/|a=GenAm}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɒdjuːl|ɒdʒuːl|s=2}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A [[self-contained]] [[component]] of a [[system]], often [[interchangeable]], which has a [[well-defined]] [[interface]] to the other components.
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2025/2/11|author=Joshua Stylman|title=How to Forge the Spectator Class|site=Brownstone Journal|url=https://brownstone.org/articles/how-to-forge-the-spectator-class|text=A friend who’s spent decades as an auto mechanic recently confided that he’s grateful to be nearing retirement. “These Teslas,” he told me, “they’re not even cars anymore – they’re computers on wheels. When something goes wrong, you don’t fix it; you just replace entire '''modules'''.” What was once a craft that any dedicated person could learn has become an exercise in supervised dependency.}}
# {{lb|en|architecture}} A [[standard]] [[unit of measure]] used for determining the [[proportion]]s of a [[building]].
# {{lb|en|programming}} A [[section]] of a [[program]]; a [[subroutine]] or group of subroutines.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2001|author=Phil Jones|title=Visual Basic: A Complete Course|page=254
|passage=Class '''modules''' are similar to form '''modules''' except they do not have a visible interface (GUI).}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2013|author=Helmut Reimer; Norbert Pohlmann; Wolfgang Schneider|title=ISSE 2013 Securing Electronic Business Processes|page=244
|passage=When there is more than one protected '''module''' in memory, the rules for accessing the code and data sections of a given '''module''' treat all the other '''modules''' as if they were unprotected memory.}}
# A [[unit]] of [[education]] covering a single [[topic]].
#: {{ux|en|Which '''modules''' are you studying next year?}}
# A pre-prepared adventure scenario with related materials for a [[role-playing game]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2011|author=Michael J. Tresca|title=The Evolution of Fantasy Role-Playing Games|page=81
|passage=Dragonborn {{...}} first appeared in the Dragons of Despair '''module''' (1984) for Advanced Dungeons & Dragons as “dragonmen.”}}
# {{lb|en|algebra|ring theory}} An [[abelian group]] equipped with the operation of multiplication by an element of a [[ring]] (or another of certain algebraic objects), representing a generalisation of the concept of ''[[vector space]]'' with ''[[scalar multiplication]]''.
#: {{meronyms|en|element}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1974|author=Thomas W. Hungerford|title=Algebra|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=e-YlBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA168&dq=%22module+over%22%7C%22modules+over%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisptzq7OfXAhUQ5rwKHUfuCMgQ6AEIpAEwFQ#v=onepage&q=%22module%20over%22%7C%22modules%20over%22&f=false|page=168|publisher=Springer
|passage='''Modules''' over a ring are a generalization of abelian groups (which are '''modules''' over <math>\textstyle\mathbb{Z}</math>).}}
#* {{quote-book|en|2004|Robert R. Colby; Kent R. Fuller|Equivalence and Duality for '''Module''' Categories (with Tilting and Cotilting for Rings)||pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=gQc1pfP-e3oC&pg=PR7&dq=%22module+over%22%7C%22modules+over%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisptzq7OfXAhUQ5rwKHUfuCMgQ6AEIyQEwHQ#v=onepage&q=%22module%20over%22%7C%22modules%20over%22&f=false|vii|publisher=w:Cambridge University Press|Approximately forty-five years ago K. Morita presented the first major results on equivalences and dualities between categories of '''modules''' over a pair of rings.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|2012|A. A. Kirillov|Elements of the Theory of Representations||pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=11HxCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29&dq=%22K-module%22%7C%22K-modules%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0-rmo1efXAhVoylQKHfh1A4wQ6AEITjAH#v=onepage&q=%22K-module%22%7C%22K-modules%22&f=false|29|publisher=w:[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|One defines in like manner ''right'' ''K''-'''modules''' and ''two-sided'' ''K''-'''modules'''. If ''K'' is commutative, then every left ''K''-'''module''' is automatically equipped with the structure of right and a two-sided ''K''-'''module'''.}}
# {{lb|en|fractal geometry|mathematics}} A [[fractal element]].
# {{lb|en|music|computing}} A file containing a [[music]] sequence that can be played in a [[tracker]] (also called ''mod'' or ''music module'').
# {{lb|en|hydraulics}} A [[contrivance]] for regulating the supply of water from an [[irrigation]] [[channel]].
# {{lb|en|astronautics}} An independent self-contained unit of a [[spacecraft]].

====Usage notes====
* {{sense|abelian group equipped with multiplication by an element of a ring}}
** For a given ring ''R'', one speaks of an "''R''-'''module'''" or, equivalently, of a "'''module''' over ''R''". ''R'' is expected to be [[unital]].
** ''R'' may also be a [[Lie algebra]].
** If ''K'' is a field, "''K''-'''module'''" is identical to "''K''-[[vector space]]".
** If the ring is not commutative, scalar multiplication of a module is defined as left- and/or right-multiplication, and one refers to a "left ''R''-'''module'''" or a "right ''R''-'''module'''".
** The concept of '''''module''''' is closely connected to the [[representation theory]] of groups and is central to both [[commutative algebra]] and [[homological algebra]]. Modules are also widely used in [[algebraic geometry]] and [[algebraic topology]].

====Hyponyms====
* {{sense|algebraic structure|mathematics}} {{l|en|vector space}}, {{l|en|free module}}, {{l|en|projective module}}, {{l|en|injective module}}
* {{sense|astronautics}} {{l|en|command module}}, {{l|en|lunar module}}

====Derived terms====
{{col4|en|Clifford module|command and service module|e-module|load module|module pattern|noetherian module|Noetherian module|R-module|module theory
|modular|lunar module|bimodule|comodule|contramodule|cryomodule|cryptomodule|glycomodule|hypermodule|intermodule|intramodule|micromodule|minimodule|moduled|modulization|modulize|multimodule|nanomodule|podule|semimodule|submodule|supermodule|supramodule|body control module
|modularise
|modularised
|modularize
|modularized
|modulate
|modulation
|modulator
|modulus
|monogenous module
|cyclic module
}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|mode}}
* {{l|en|model}}
* {{l|en|moderate}}
* {{l|en|modulus}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|self-contained component of a system}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|وَحْدَة|f}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|մոդուլ}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|мо́дуль|m}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|мо́дул|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|mòdul|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|模塊|tr=mókuài}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|modul|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|module|m}}
* Estonian: {{t-needed|et}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|moduuli}}
* French: {{t+|fr|module|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|მოდული}}
* German: {{t+|de|Modul|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|δομοστοιχείο|n}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|מוֹדוּל|m|tr=modul}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|मॉड्यूल}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|モジュール|tr=mojūru|sc=Jpan}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|모듈}}
* Latvian: {{t-needed|lv}}
* Lithuanian: {{t-needed|lt}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ഘടകം}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|kōwae}}
* Middle Persian: {{t|pal|hngwšydg}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ماژول|tr=mâžul}}, {{t+|fa|پودمان|tr=pudmân}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|moduł|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|módulo|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|modul|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|мо́дуль|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|modul|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|módulo|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|modul|c}}
* Thai: {{t|th|มอดูล}}, {{t|th|โมดูล}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|modül}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|мо́дуль|m}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|mô-đun}}, {{t|vi|bộ phận rời}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|architecture: standard unit of measure for determining the proportions of a building}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|moduulimitta}}
* French: {{t+|fr|module|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|modul|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|módulo|m}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|modyul}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|мо́дуль|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|section of a program}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|模塊|tr=mókuài}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|moduuli}}, {{t+|fi|ohjelmamoduuli}}
* French: {{t+|fr|module|m}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ഘടകം}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|kōwae}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ماژول|tr=mâžul}}, {{t+|fa|پودمان|tr=pudmân}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|módulo|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|modul|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|мо́дуль|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|modul|c}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|modül}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|мо́дуль|m}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|phần chương trình}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|unit of education}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|opintomoduuli}}, {{t+|fi|moduuli}}
* German: {{t+|de|Modul|n}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|kōwae}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|modul|n}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|modul|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|modyul}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|pre-prepared adventure scenario for a role-playing game}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|moduuli}}
* French: {{t+|fr|module|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|мо́дуль|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|type of algebraic structure, generalization of vector spaces over non-field rings}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|模|tr=mó}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|moduuli}}
* French: {{t+|fr|module|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Modul|m}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|مدول|tr=modul}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|modul}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|fractal element}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|file containing a music sequence}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|musiikkimoduuli}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|hydraulics: contrivance for regulating the supply of water from an irrigation channel}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|astronautics: independent self-contained unit of a spacecraft}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|moduuli}}
* French: {{t+|fr|module|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|modul|n}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|мо́дуль|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* French: {{t+check|fr|module}}
* German: {{t+check|de|Modul|n}}, {{t+check|de|Modul|m}} {{qualifier|qualifier}}
* Greek: {{t+check|el|άρθρωμα|n}}
* Icelandic: (3) {{t-check|is|eining|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Further reading====
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:Britannica 1911|Module}}

==French==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|fr|la|modulus}}. {{doublet|fr|moule}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-module.wav}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# [[module#English|module]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|module d'extension}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|en|module|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|modul|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|modül|bor=1}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Galician==

===Verb===
{{h|gl|verb form}}

# {{gl-verb form of|modular}}

==Latin==

===Noun===
{{h|la|noun form}}

# {{inflection of|la|modulus||voc|s}}

==Polish==

===Pronunciation===
{{pl-pr}}

===Noun===
{{h|pl|noun form}}

# {{inflection of|pl|moduł||loc//voc|s}}

==Portuguese==

===Verb===
{{h|pt|verb form}}

# {{pt-verb form of|modular}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology 1===

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|ro|/moˈdu.le/}}
* {{rhyme|ro|ule|s=3}}
* {{hyph|ro|mo|du|le}}

====Noun====
{{h|ro|noun form|g=n-p}}

# {{infl of|ro|modul||indef|t=module|p}}

===Etymology 2===

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|ro|/ˈmo.du.le/}}
* {{rhyme|ro|odule|s=3}}
* {{hyph|ro|mo|du|le}}

====Noun====
{{h|ro|noun form|g=n}}

# {{infl of|t=mode|ro|mod||voc|s}}

==Spanish==

===Verb===
{{h|es|verb form}}

# {{es-verb form of|modular}}