View source for Graf

{{also|graaf|Graf|gráf|-graf}}
==English==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|en|En-au-graf.ogg|a=AU}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{bor|en|de|Graf||count}}. {{doublet|en|graaf|grave}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|uncommon|now|_|historical}} A [[German]] or [[Austria]]n [[count]] (nobleman).
#* '''1843''' February, "Graf de Tropp", in ''Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country'', {{nowrap|volume 27}}, [books.google.com/books?id=9ZUtAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA200 page&nbsp;200]:
#*: Without ceremony, the '''Graf''', on his entering the drawing-room, seated himself at the [[piano-forte]], and proposed affording his new friends "a leetle example" how music was performed in Hungary.

=====Coordinate terms=====
* {{l|en|gräfin}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|en|grafship
}}

===Etymology 2===
Phonetic respelling of {{clipping|en|paragraph|nocap=1}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|journalism|slang}} A [[paragraph]].
#* {{quote-web|en|date=27 Jan 10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119170145/http://trueslant.com/matttaibbi/2010/01/27/populism-just-like-racism/|url=http://trueslant.com/matttaibbi/2010/01/27/populism-just-like-racism/|title=Populism: Just Like Racism!|work=True/Slant|author={{w|Matt Taibbi}}|text=Brooks lays out the crux of his case his case in his first three '''grafs''' of his article:}}
#* {{quote-web|en|title=Trump wants news outlets to get on board with ‘Gulf of America’ — or else. Will they?|first=Joshua|last=Benton|work=[[Nieman Journalism Lab]]|publisher=[[Nieman Foundation for Journalism]]|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|date=2025-02-13|accessdate=2025-02-13|url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2025/02/trump-wants-news-outlets-to-get-on-board-with-gulf-of-america-or-else-will-they/|passage=This Wednesday story includes a '''graf''' on [[Reuters]]’ stance:}}

===Etymology 3===

====Noun====
{{en-noun|-}}

# {{alt sp|en|graff|t=graffiti}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2002|author=Janice Rahn|title=Painting Without Permission: Hip-hop Graffiti Subculture|page=7
|passage=For example, a current trend in '''graf''' is to simulate a three-dimensional effect (see Figure 1.2). No one '''graf''' artist is associated with having developed this method.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2012|author=P. D. Smith|title=City: A Guidebook for the Urban Age|page=84
|passage=Naar had been photographing the 'palimpsest of writings and marks on walls' since 1955 and he says his interest in '''graf''' is 'political, in the Greek sense of engagement with the life of the "polis", or city-state'.}}

=====Derived terms=====
* [[graf artist]]

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=afgr|frag}}

{{C|en|Nobility}}

==Afrikaans==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|af|nl|graf}} and {{m|nl|graft}} (see the plural).

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|af|/χraf/}}
* {{audio|af|LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-graf.wav}}

===Noun===
{{af-noun|grafte}}

# [[grave]]

==Albanian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|sq|grah||Standard|Tosk}}

===Verb===
{{sq-verb|grafa|grafë}}

# {{alt form|sq|from=[[Gheg]]|grah||to incite; bellow, roar; rattle}}<ref>{{R:sq:Orel|head=graf ~ grah|page=121}}</ref>

===References===
{{reflist}}

==Catalan==

===Pronunciation===
* {{ca-IPA}}

===Noun===
{{ca-noun|m}}

# {{lb|ca|math}} [[graph]]

===Further reading===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:GDLC}}

==Czech==
[[File:Arbitrary function graph.png|thumb|graf]]
[[File:Frucht graph.neato.svg|thumb|graf]]

===Etymology===
{{der+|cs|grc|γράφω}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{cs-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|cs|af|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{cs-noun|m-in}}

# [[graph]] {{gloss|mathematical diagram}}
# {{lb|cs|graph theory}} [[graph]] {{gloss|nodes and edges connecting the nodes}}
# [[chart]] {{gloss|graphical presentation}}

====Declension====
{{cs-ndecl|m}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|cs|grafový|podgraf|koláčový graf|orientovaný graf|neorientovaný graf|úplný graf|teorie grafů}}

====Related terms====
{{col|cs|grafický|grafik|grafika|grafikon|grafoman}}

====See also====
* {{l|cs|diagram}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:cs:PSJC}}
* {{R:cs:SSJC}}

==Danish==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|da|en|graph}}.

===Noun===
{{da-noun}}

# [[graph]], visualization of an [[equation]] or a [[function]]
# {{lb|da|graph theory}} [[graph]]

====Declension====
{{da-decl|en|er}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|da|grafteori}}, {{l|da|grafisk}}

==Dutch==
{{wikipedia|lang=nl}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ɣrɑf/}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɑf|s=1}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-graf.ogg}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|nl|dum|graf}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|*graf}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*grabą}}, {{m|gem-pro|*grabō||grave, trench, ditch}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|n|-:ven|+}}

# [[grave]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|nl|familiegraf}}
* {{l|nl|grafgift}}
* {{l|nl|graflucht}}
* {{l|nl|grafmongool}}
* {{l|nl|grafsteen}}
* {{l|nl|graftak}}
* {{l|nl|massagraf}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|nl|graven}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|af|graf}}
* {{desc|dcr|graf}}
* {{desc|pap|graf|bor=1}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|nl|fr|grave||serious, grave}}. Most likely influenced by Dutch {{m|nl|erg}} which can mean "serious, grave" as well as "very". The alternative form {{m|nl|graaf||very}}, also slang, has the same origin and meaning, but stays closer to the original French pronunciation.

====Adverb====
{{nl-adv}}

# {{lb|nl|slang|Belgium}} [[very]]
#: ''Dat is graf duur'' &mdash; That's very expensive

==French==

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# {{lb|fr|slang}} {{clipping of|fr|graffiti}}
#: {{ux|fr|L'usage du tag et du '''graf''' s'affirme d'autant plus comme un pouvoir de communication tribale constituant un code secret.|The use of tags and '''graffiti''' is establishing itself all the more as a means of tribal communication constituting a secret code.}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Icelandic==

===Noun===
{{is-noun|@@}}

# [[graph]], [[chart]]

====Declension====
{{is-ndecl|n}}

==Indonesian==
{{wikipedia||lang=id}}

===Etymology===
{{bor+|id|en|graph}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|id|/ˈɡraf/}}
* {{rhymes|id|ɡraf|raf|af|f|s=1}}
* {{hyphenation|id|graf}}

===Noun===
{{id-noun}}

# {{lb|id|linguistics|typography}} [[graph]]: A [[graphical]] unit on the [[token-level]], the [[abstracted]] fundamental shape of a [[character]] or [[letter]] as distinct from its [[ductus]] (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the [[instance-level]]) and as distinct by a [[grapheme]] on the [[type-level]] by not fundamentally distinguishing [[meaning]]
#: {{syn|id|huruf}}

====Related terms====
{{col4|id|
| grafik
| grafika
| grafis
}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

==Irish==

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|ga|en|graph}}.

===Noun===
{{ga-noun|m|graif|graif}}

# [[graph]], [[chart]]

====Declension====
{{ga-decl-m1|g|raf|raif}}
* Alternative plural: {{l|ga|grafanna}}

====Derived terms====
{{col4|ga|grafach<t:graphic(al)><pos:a>
|grafeolaíocht<t:graphology><g:f>
|grafpháipéar<t:graph paper><g:m>
|graiftheoiric<t:graph theory><g:f>
}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|ga|grafachas|g=m|t=graphism}}

===Verb===
{{ga-verb|pres=~ann|fut=grafaidh|vn=~adh|pp=grafa}}

# {{lb|ga|ambitransitive|literary}} [[write]]; [[draw]], [[sketch]]
# {{lb|ga|transitive|math|statistics}} graph, [[plot]], chart

====Conjugation====
{{ga-conj-1a|g|ra|f|broad}}

===Mutation===
{{ga-mut}}

===References===
* {{R:ga:Ó Dónaill}}

==Kashubian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|csb|grôf}}

===Etymology===
{{bor+|csb|de|Graf}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{csb-pr}}

===Noun===
{{csb-noun|m-in}}

# [[count]]
#: {{syn|csb|hrabia}}

====Declension====
{{csb-decl-noun
|graf
|grafa
|grafòwi
|grafa
|grafã
|grafie
|grafie
|grafòwie
|grafów
|grafóm
|grafów
|grafama
|grafach
|grafòwie}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:csb:Sychta:1967|grafa|354|1}}
* {{R:csb:Trepczyk:1994|hrabia}}
* {{R:csb:SPK|hrabia}}
* {{R:csb:ISKJ|+|15655}}

==Middle English==

===Noun===
{{head|enm|noun}}

# {{alternative form of|enm|grave}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==
{{wikipedia|lang=no}}

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|nb|en|graph}}.

===Noun===
{{nb-noun-m1}}

# [[graph]] (''diagram'')

===References===
* {{R:The Bokmål Dictionary}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==
{{wikipedia|lang=nn}}

===Etymology===
Borrowed from {{bor|nn|en|graph}}.

===Noun===
{{nn-noun-m1}}

# [[graph]] (''diagram'')

===References===
* {{R:The Nynorsk Dictionary}}

==Old English==

===Etymology===
{{unc|ang}}, lacking cognates in other Germanic languages. Perhaps from {{m|ang|grafan|t=to dig}}, similar to {{m|ang|drāf|t=drove}} and {{m|ang|drifan}}.<ref>Puppel, S. (2010). Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on His 60th Birthday. Germany: De Gruyter., p. 134-135</ref>

===Pronunciation===
* {{ang-IPA|grāf}}

===Noun===
{{ang-noun||head=grāf}}

# [[grove]]

====Declension====
{{rfinfl|ang|noun}}

====Descendants====
* {{desctree|enm|grove}}

===References===
<References/>

==Old Spanish==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|osp|[ˈɡɾaɸ]}}?

===Adjective===
{{head|osp|adjective|g=m|g2=f|plural|graves}}

# {{apocopic form of|osp|grave}}; [[serious]]; [[grave]]; [[major]]
#* {{quote-text|osp|year=c. 1200|author=Almerich|title=[[w:Fazienda de Ultramar|Fazienda de Ultramar]]|section=f. 17v
|passage=e la coſa '''graf''' q̃ nã podrã iudgar adugã la aty. e iudgar laas.
|translation=And any '''grave''' matter they cannot judge themselves they will bring to you, so that you may judge it.}}

==Polish==
{{wp|lang=pl|graf (tytuł szlachecki)}}
{{wp|lang=pl|graf (matematyka)}}

===Pronunciation===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-graf.ogg|hh=-graf}}

===Etymology 1===
{{dercat|pl|gmh|goh}}
{{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|grof}}. {{dbt|pl|grabia|hrabia}}.

====Noun====
{{pl-noun|m-pr}}

# {{lb|pl|historical}} [[count]] {{gl|male ruler of a county}}
#: {{syn|pl|grabia|hrabia}}

=====Declension=====
{{pl-decl-noun-m-pr}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|grafowski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|grafiątko|grafina|grafini|grafostwo}}

===Etymology 2===
{{intnat|pl}}; compare {{cog|en|graph}}, {{cog|fr|graphe}}, {{cog|de|Graph}}, ultimately  from {{der|pl|grc|γράφειν}}.

====Noun====
{{pl-noun|m-in}}

# {{lb|pl|mathematics}} [[graph]]
#: {{hyper|pl|wykres}}

=====Declension=====
{{pl-decl-noun-m-in}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|grafowy}}

===Etymology 3===
{{clipping|pl|autograf}}.

====Noun====
{{pl-noun|m-in}}

# {{lb|pl|slang}} [[autograph]]
#: {{syn|pl|autograf}}

=====Declension=====
{{pl-decl-noun-m-in|gens=grafa/grafu}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

{{C|pl|Male people|Nobility}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology 1===
{{bor+|ro|fr|graph}}.

====Noun====
{{ro-noun|n|grafuri}}

# [[graph]]

=====Declension=====
{{ro-noun-n-uri}}

===Etymology 2===
{{bor+|ro|de|Graf}}.

====Noun====
{{ro-noun|m|grafi}}

# [[count]]

=====Declension=====
{{ro-noun-m}}

==Scottish Gaelic==

===Noun===
{{gd-noun|g=m|gen=grafa|pl=grafaichean}}

# [[graph]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|gd|clò-ghrafachd}}

==Serbo-Croatian==

===Noun===
{{sh-noun|g=m|head=grȁf}}

# {{lb|sh|mathematics}} [[graph]]
# {{lb|sh|graph theory}} graph

====Declension====
{{sh-decl-noun
|grȁf|gràfovi
|grafa|grafova
|grafu|grafovima
|graf|grafove
|grafe|grafovi
|grafu|grafovima
|grafom|grafovima
}}

==Swedish==

===Etymology 1===
From {{bor|sv|en|graph}}, shortened from {{m|en|graphic}} {{m|en|formula}}.

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|sv|/ɡrɑːf/}}
* {{rhymes|sv|ɑːf|s=1}}

====Noun====
{{sv-noun|c}}

# {{lb|sv|mathematics}} [[graph]], the set <math>\left\{(x, F({x}))\right\}</math>
# {{lb|sv|graph theory}} graph; an ordered set (''V'',''E'') of edges which joins to the vertices such that each of the edge's ends is located at a vertex

=====Declension=====
{{sv-infl-noun-c-er}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col3|sv|grafik|grafiker|grafisk|grafteori|telegraf}}

=====See also=====
* {{l|sv|diagram}}
* {{l|sv|ritning}}

===Etymology 2===

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|sv|/ɡrɑːv/}}

====Noun====
{{sv-noun|c}}

# {{obsolete spelling of|sv|grav}}

=====Declension=====
{{sv-infl-noun-c-ar|fv=v}}

==Volapük==

===Noun===
{{vo-noun}}

# [[count]] (ruler of a county)

====Declension====
{{vo-decl-noun}}

====Derived terms====
* [[grafän]]