View source for Curl

{{also|Curl}}
==English==
{{wikipedia|Curl}}

===Etymology===
From {{metathesis|en}} of {{der|en|enm|crulle|t=curled, curly}}, from {{der|en|dum|crul}}, {{m|dum|crulle|t=curl}}, ultimately from {{der|en|gem-pro|*kruzlǭ|t=bent or crooked object, curl}}, of {{unk|en|title=unknown}} origin; possibly from {{w|Pre-Germanic}} {{m|gem-pro|*grus-}}, contracted from {{der|en|ine-pro|*gurus-||twist, curl}}, same source as {{cog|fa|گرس|tr=gors||braid of hair}}.<ref>{{R:nl:Etymologiebank|kroezen}}</ref>

Cognate with {{cog|stq|Krulle|t=curl, lock}}, {{cog|fy|krul|t=curl}}, {{cog|nl|krul|t=curl}}, {{cog|nds-de|Krull|t=curl}}, dialectal {{cog|de|Krolle|t=curl}}, {{cog|da|krølle|t=curl}}, {{cog|no|krull|t=curl}}. Related also to {{cog|stq|Kruus|t=curl}}, {{cog|de|kraus|t=frizzy, crumpled, curly}}, {{cog|da|krus|t= curl}},  {{cog|sv|krusa|t=to crimp, curl}}. Compare also {{cog|got|𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽|t=to grind, crush, gnash}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/kɜːl/|[kʰəːɫ]|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/kɜɹl/|[kʰɝɫ]|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-curl.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɜː(ɹ)l|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A curving piece or [[lock]] of [[hair]]; a [[ringlet]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1866|author=w:Louisa May Alcott|title=s:Behind A Mask or, A Woman's Power|chapter=7|passage={{...}}she took it down, looked long and fondly at it, then, shaking her '''curls''' about her face, as if to hide the act, pressed it to her lips and seemed to weep over it in an uncontrollable paroxysm of tender grief.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1910|author=w:Emerson Hough
|title=[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11593 The Purchase Price]|chapter=1
|passage=Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes.{{...}}She put back a truant '''curl''' from her forehead where it had sought egress to the world, and looked him full in the face now, drawing a deep breath which caused the round of her bosom to lift the lace at her throat.}}
#* {{RQ:Allingham China Governess|chapter=17|passage=The face which emerged was not reassuring.{{nb...}}. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black '''curls'''.}}
# A [[curved]] stroke or shape.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1995|author=John Curtis; Julian Reade; Dominique Collon|title=Art and Empire: Treasures from Assyria in the British Museum|page=184
|passage={{...}} the backs of their necks and their forelegs are decorated with '''curls''' and their necks and bodies are covered with fine, undulating lines.}}
# A [[spin]] making the [[trajectory]] of an object [[curve]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1909|author=Harold Horsfall Hilton|title=The Six Handicap Golfer's Companion|pageurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=fZ0XAAAAYAAJ|page=38
|passage=It is possible to use the wind which blows from the left to the right by playing well into the wind with the slightest bit of '''curl''' on the ball{{...}}}}
# {{lb|en|curling}} Movement of a moving [[rock]] away from a straight line.
# {{lb|en|weightlifting}} Any [[exercise]] performed by bending the [[arm]], [[wrist]], or [[leg]] on the [[exertion]] against [[resistance]], especially those that train the [[biceps]].
#* '''2007''' (Jan/Feb), Jon Crosby, "Your Winter Muscle Makeover", ''Men's Health'', page 54:
#*: Now do a '''curl''' and an overhead press, keeping your palms facing in.
# {{lb|en|calculus}} The [[vector field]] denoting the [[rotation]]ality of a given vector field.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1995|author=Erich Prisner|title=Graph dynamics|passage=In 2D, when Q is a polygonal domain, the singularities of Type (2) disappear because ''ψ'' is the scalar '''curl''' of ''u'' and is such that its vectorial '''curl''' is zero.}}
#: {{ux|en|The '''curl''' of the vector field <math>\vec{F}(x,y,z)</math> is the vector field <math>\operatorname{curl}\,\vec{F} \equiv \vec{\nabla}\times\vec{F}=\left( \frac{\partial F_z}{\partial y} - \frac{\partial F_y}{\partial z}, \frac{\partial F_x}{\partial z} - \frac{\partial F_z}{\partial x}, \frac{\partial F_y}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial F_x}{\partial y} \right)</math>.}}
# {{lb|en|calculus|proper noun}} The vector [[operator]], denoted <small><math>\rm{curl}\;</math></small> or <small><math>\vec{\nabla}\times\vec{\left(\cdot\right)}</math></small>, that generates this field.
# {{lb|en|agriculture|phytopathology}} Any of various diseases of plants causing the leaves or shoots to [[curl up]]; often specifically the [[potato curl]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1840|author="Farmers' Department"|title=The Family Magazine|volume=1|page=227|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aKHPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA227|passage=These potatoes, however, planted the next year, have a fair yield, untouched by the '''curl'''.}}
# {{lb|en|music|chiefly|lutherie}} The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the [[flame]].
#: {{ux|en|The one-piece back is of a medium '''curl'''.}}
# {{lb|en|American football}} A [[pattern]] where the [[receiver]] appears to be running a [[fly]] pattern but after a set number of steps or yards quickly stops and turns around, looking for a [[pass]].
# {{lb|en|baking|chiefly|in the plural}} A [[thin]], [[curved]] piece of [[chocolate]] used as [[decoration]].
# {{lb|en|surfing}} The [[concave]] part of a breaking [[wave]].
#* {{quote-av|1=en|year=1966|director={{w|Bruce Brown (director)|Bruce Brown}}|title={{w|The Endless Summer}}|text=The main object in surfing is to always remain in the '''curl'''.}}

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|curving lock of hair}} {{l|en|ringlet}}
* {{sense|curved stroke or shape}} {{l|en|curlicue}}, {{l|en|curve}}, {{l|en|flourish}}, {{l|en|loop}}, {{l|en|spiral}}

====Antonyms====
* {{antsense|weightlifting exercise}} {{l|en|extension}}

====Coordinate terms====
* {{sense|calculus}} {{l|en|gradient}}, {{l|en|divergence}}, {{l|en|rotational}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|en|bluecurls|becurl|curlless|curlpaper|curlsome|lipcurl|querl|upcurl
| curls for the girls|cheat curl
|bicep curl|barbell curl|biceps curl|cable curl|concentration curl|curlicue|curliness|curly|dumbbell curl|hammer curl|high-cable curl|leaf curl|leg curl|machine curl|preacher curl|reverse curl|scalar curl|trunk curl|wrist curl|Zottman curl|cheese curl|curl bar|curl-paper|curl-up|Jheri curl|kiss curl|kiss-curl|love curl|spit curl|curl grub|Jerry curl|jerry curl|pin curl}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|curving lock of hair}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|جَعْدَة|f}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|бөҙрә|sc=Cyrl}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|къдрица|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|rínxol}}, {{t+|ca|caragol}}, {{t+|ca|floc}}, {{t+|ca|bucle}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|kudrna|f}}, {{t|cs|kučera|f}}, {{t+|cs|kadeř|f}}
* Danish: {{t|da|lok}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|krul|m|f}}, {{t+|nl|lok}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|buklo}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kihara}}
* French: {{t+|fr|boucle|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|crecho|m}}, {{t|gl|penecho|m}}, {{t|gl|frechón|m}}, {{t|gl|grifo|m}}, {{t|gl|carrapizo|m}}, {{t|gl|bucre|m}}, {{t|gl|respizo|m}}
* Georgian: {{t-needed|ka}}
* German: {{t+|de|Locke|f}}
* Greek:
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ὄστλιγξ|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|תלתל|m|tr=taltal|sc=Hebr}} (1)
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|fürt}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|lokkur|m}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|loklo}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|kuudra}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|cuach|f}}, {{t|ga|coirnín|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|riccio|m}}, {{t+|it|ricciolo|m}}, {{t|it|boccolo|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|巻き毛|tr=まきげ, makige|sc=Jpan}}
* Latgalian: {{t|ltg|cārta}}, {{t|ltg|sprūga}}
* Latin: {{t|la|cirrus|m}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|cirta}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|nokkla|f}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|keshag|f}}, {{t|gv|cassag|f}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|māwhatu}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|boucl'ye|f}}, {{t|nrf|corle|f}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|lokk}}, {{t|no|kroll}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|پورچك|tr=pürçek}}, {{t|ota|مار|tr=mar}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|زلف|tr=zolf}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Kroll|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|lok|m}}, {{t+|pl|kędzior|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cacho|m}}, {{t+|pt|caracol|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ло́кон|m}}, {{t+|ru|завито́к|m}}, {{t+|ru|кудря́шка|f}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|cuach|f}}, {{t|gd|snìomh|m}}, {{t|gd|bachal|m}}, {{t|gd|cam-lùb|f}}, {{t|gd|dual|m}}, {{t|gd|camalag|f}}, {{t|gd|clann|f}}, {{t|gd|camag|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|lokna|f}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|rizzu|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|kučera|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|rizo|m}}, {{t+|es|bucle|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|lock|c}}, {{t+|sv|hårlock}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|కురులు}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|кучер|m}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|cwrl|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|curved stroke or shape}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|извивка|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kihara}}
* Italian: {{t|it|arricciamento|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|завито́к|m}}, {{t+|ru|завиту́шка|f}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|cwrl|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|spin making the trajectory curve}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kierre}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|rotazione|f}}, {{t+|it|spirale|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|skruv|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|curling: movement}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kierre}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|voluta|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|curl|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|weightlifting: type of exercise}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|pumppaus}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|flexión|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|vector field denoting rotationality of a given vector field}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|rotace|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|roottori}}
* French: {{t+|fr|rotationnel|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|rotazione|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|rotacja|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mathematics: vector operator}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|rotace|f}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|rotatie}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|roottori}}
* French: {{t+|fr|rotationnel}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|rotacja|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|rotacional|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ро́тор|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|rotation|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|plant disease}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|polte}}
* Italian: {{t|it|arricciamento|m}}, {{t|it|accartocciamento|m}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|crychiad|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|music: light and dark figure seen in wood}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|loimukuvio}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Italian: {{t+check|it|ricciolo|m}} (1), {{t+check|it|rotore|m}} (5)
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To cause to move in a [[curve]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1998|author=Nick Hornby|title=Fever Pitch|page=70| passage=He picked the ball up about forty yards out on the left wing, left a trail of Arsenal defenders in his wake, and '''curled''' the ball round Geoff Barnett as he came right out into the far corner.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=January 12, 2011|author=Saj Chowdhury|work=BBC| title=[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/9345343.stm Liverpool 2-1 Liverpool]| passage=Campbell should have scored but missed with a header from four yards at the far post before Taylor-Fletcher came close to adding a second when he '''curled''' an effort over the stranded Reina, who should have been punished for a poor clearance.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To make into a curl or [[spiral]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2004|author=Jacquelyn Mitchard|title=Twelve Times Blessed|page=249| passage=She '''curls''' her spine; she wedges a pillow between her knees.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To assume the shape of a curl or [[spiral]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1847|author=w:Charlotte Brontë|title=s:Jane Eyre| chapter=XXXI| passage=It seemed to me that Mr. St. John's under lip protruded, and his upper lip '''curled''' a moment.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To move in [[curve]]s.
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1977|author=w:Scott O'Dell|title=Carlota|page=1| passage=Clouds '''curled''' down from the mountains.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2007|author=John Coyne|title=The Caddie Who Knew Ben Hogan| page=97| passage=The ball '''curled''' to a stop within six inches of the hole.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive|curling}} To take part in the sport of [[curling]].
#: {{ux|en|I '''curl''' at my local club every weekend.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|weightlifting}} To [[exercise]] by bending the [[arm]], [[wrist]], or [[leg]] on the [[exertion]] against [[resistance]], especially of the [[biceps]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2008|author=Joseph Lee Klapper|title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Boosting Your Metabolism| page=119| passage=When '''curling''' the weight, bring the barbell up toward the chin, then return it to its starting position. Keep your elbows and upper arms as immobile as possible to isolate the biceps.}}
# To twist or form (the hair, etc.) into [[ringlet]]s.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:George Gascoigne|title=The Steele Glas| year=1576| section=Epilogus| passage=But '''curl''' their locks with bodkins and with braids}}
#* {{RQ:Christie Autobiography|II|4|passage=There was also hairdressing: hairdressing, too, really was hairdressing in those times — no running a comb through it and that was that. It was '''curled''', frizzed, waved, put in curlers overnight, waved with hot tongs;{{nb...}}.}}
# To deck with, or as if with, curls; to [[ornament]].
#* {{RQ:Milton Paradise Lost|book=7|passage=Thicker than the snakie locks / That '''curld''' Megæra.|year=1873}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=1633|author=w:George Herbert|journal=Jordan
|passage='''Curling''' with metaphors a plain intention.}}
# To raise in waves or undulations; to ripple.
#* {{RQ:Dryden Fables|The Flower and the Leaf
|passage=Seas would be pools without the brushing air / To '''curl''' the waves.}}
# {{lb|en|hat-making}} To shape (the brim of a hat) into a curve.

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|to make into a curl or spiral}} {{l|en|arch}}, {{l|en|coil}}, {{l|en|roll up}}
* {{sense|to assume the shape of a curl or spiral}} {{l|en|coil}}, {{l|en|roll up}}
* {{sense|to move in curves}} {{l|en|curve}}, {{l|en|spiral}}

====Antonyms====
* {{antsense|to make into a curl or spiral}} {{l|en|straighten}}, {{l|en|uncoil}}, {{l|en|unroll}}
* {{antsense|to assume the shape of a curl or spiral}} {{l|en|straighten}}, {{l|en|uncoil}}, {{l|en|unroll}}

====Derived terms====
{{col|en|curlingly|noncurling|curled|curler|curl up|curl someone's hair|curling|curling iron|curling tongs|hair curling|hair-curling|toe-curling|make someone's hair curl|curl one out|make someone's toenails curl|make someone's toes curl|leaf-curling spider|curl one off|curlable|outcurl|querl|recurl|uncurl|upcurl}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|csb|kurlowac|bor=1|qq=Canada}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|to cause to move in a curve}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|извивам}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pyöräyttää}}, {{t|fi|kiepauttaa}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|вить}}, {{t+|ru|искривля́ть}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to make into a curl or spiral}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|накъдрям}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|caragolar}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kihartaa}}, {{t+|fi|kiertää}}, {{t+|fi|taivuttaa}}, {{t+|fi|rullata}}, {{t+|fi|käpristää}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|encaracolar}}
* Greek:
*: Ancient Greek: {{t|grc|ἑλίσσω}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|بوكمك|tr=bükmek}}, {{t|ota|اكمك|tr=eğmek}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|encaracolar}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|snìomh}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to assume the shape of a curl or spiral}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|накъдрям се}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kihartua}}, {{t|fi|rullautua}}, {{t|fi|[[mennä]] [[rullalle]]}}, {{t+|fi|käpristyä}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|kapukapu}} {{qualifier|referring to waves as they break}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|crincan}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to move in curves}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|извивам се}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kiemurrella}}, {{t+|fi|mutkitella}}, {{t+|fi|luikertaa}}, {{t+|fi|luikerrella}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ви́ться}}, {{t+|ru|извива́ться}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to take part in the sport of curling}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[pelata]] [[curlingia]]}}, {{t|fi|kurlata}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|[[spela]] [[curling]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|weightlifting: to exercise by bending on the exertion}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pumpata}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to twist or form into ringlets}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|burmaq}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kihartaa}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|takawiriwiri}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to deck with, or as if with, curls}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|koristella}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to raise in waves or undulations}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|aallottaa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to shape the brim of a hat into a curve}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|taivuttaa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* French: {{t+check|fr|boucler}}
* Ido: {{t+check|io|lokleskar}}, {{t+check|io|lokligar}}
* Norman: {{t-check|nrf|corler}} {{qualifier|Jersey}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
* {{l|en|coil}}

===References===
* {{R:New English Dictionary}}
<references/>

{{C|en|Hair}}