View source for Concrete

{{also|concreté|concrète}}
==English==
{{wikipedia|concrete (disambiguation)|concrete}}

===Etymology===
{{bor+|en|la|concrētus}}, past participle of {{m|la|concrescō}} (to curdle) from {{m|la|con-}} (with, together) + {{m|la|crescō}} (to grow, rise).

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɒnkɹiːt/|/ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/|/kɵnˈkɹiːt/|/kɵŋˈkɹiːt/|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/|/kɑŋˈkɹiːt/|/ˈkɑnkɹiːt/|/ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-concrete.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːt|s=2}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj|concreter}}

# [[real#Adjective|Real]], [[actual#Adjective|actual]], [[tangible#Adjective|tangible]].
#: {{ux|en|Fuzzy videotapes and distorted sound recordings are not '''concrete''' evidence that Bigfoot exists.}}
#: {{ux|en|Once arrested, I realized that handcuffs are '''concrete''', even if my concept of what is legal wasn't.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:William James|title=The Meaning of Truth: A Sequel to 'Pragmatism'|location=London{{nb...}}|publisher=w:Longmans, Green, and Co.|year=1909|page=173|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/meaningtruthase03jamegoog/page/n203/mode/1up|passage=l am perplexed by the superior importance which Dr, Pratt attributes to abstract trueness over '''concrete''' verifiability in an idea, and I wish that he might be moved to explain.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Ancient Roots and Modern Meanings: A Contemporary Reader in Jewish Identity|editor=Jerry V. Diller|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Bloch Publishing Company|year=1978|page=244|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/ancientrootsmode0000unse/page/244/mode/1up|isbn=0-819-70457-1|passage=That fact I think should be leading us to explore again what our tradition has always said, that militarization is not good for us as it is not good for the rest of humanity either, and we ought to be examining what in this generation that means in the toughest, realest, '''concretest''' form, what it means for us to be struggling toward.}}
#* {{RQ:Guardian|author=Denis Campbell|title=Hospital staff 'lack skills to cope with dementia patients'|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405175631/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/dec/16/hospital-staff-dementia-patients|date=16 December 2011|passage=Professor Peter Crome, chair of the audit's steering group, said the report "provides further '''concrete''' evidence that the care of patients with dementia in hospital is in need of a radical shake-up". While a few hospitals had risen to the challenge of improving patients' experiences, many have not, he said. The report recommends that all staff receive basic dementia awareness training, and staffing levels should be maintained to help such patients.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|author=w:James Zogby|title=Israel's prickliness blocks the long quest for peace|work=[[w:The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120211355/https://www.thenationalnews.com/opinion/israel-s-prickliness-blocks-the-long-quest-for-peace-1.197448/he-long-quest-for-peace-1.197448/|date=6 February 2016|passage=The secretary general went on to express his concern with recent Israeli announcements to expand settlements in the occupied lands, urging them to: stop the demolitions of Palestinian homes and confiscation of Palestinian lands, address the humanitarian situation in Gaza and to take '''concrete''' steps to improve the daily lives of the Palestinian people. He also noted that all of these behaviours made more difficult the achievement of an Israel-Palestinian peace.}}
#* {{RQ:NYT|author=Julian E. Barnes|title=White House Official Says Huawei Has Secret Back Door to Extract Data|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604134348/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/11/us/politics/white-house-huawei-back-door.html|date=11 February 2020|passage=American intelligence officials have long said privately that Huawei has so-called back doors that could allow the company to obtain data that flows on the networks they build and maintain. But publicly, officials have spoken mostly about the potential that Huawei could provide Chinese officials with access to all kinds of data, without offering '''concrete''' proof.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Blake Brittain|title=AI-generated art cannot be copyrighted under U.S. law, court rules|work=w:The Globe and Mail|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823053953/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/international-business/us-business/article-ai-generated-art-cannot-receive-copyrights-under-us-law-court-rules/|location=Toronto, ON|publisher=w:The Woodbridge Company|date=21 August 2023|issn=0319-0714|oclc=6155622|passage=Mr. Thaler challenged the decision in federal court, arguing that human authorship is not a '''concrete''' legal requirement and allowing AI copyrights would be in line with copyright's purpose as outlined in the U.S. constitution to "promote the progress of science and useful arts."}}
## {{lb|en|category theory|of a [[category]]}} [[analogous|Analogous]] to the categories of [[algebraic]] objects which category theory was created to generalize, in the sense of having objects which can be thought of as [[set]]s equipped with some additional [[structure]]. Formally, equipped with a [[faithful]] [[functor]] to the category of sets.
## {{lb|en|by extension|[[topos theory]]|of a [[category]] <math>C</math> with respect to another category <math>X</math>}} Equipped with a faithful functor to <math>X</math> (called a '''[[base category]]'''), ''in which case <math>C</math> is called a '''concrete category over <math>X</math>'''''.
# Being or applying to actual things, rather than [[abstract#Adjective|abstract]] qualities or categories.
#: {{ant|en|intangible|abstract}}
#* {{RQ:Watts Logick|passage='''''Concrete''''' Terms, while they expreſs the Quality, do alſo either expreſs, or imply, or refer to ſome Subject to which it belongs; as ''white'', ''round'', ''long'', ''broad'', ''wiſe'', ''mortal'', ''living'', ''dead''.|page=58}}
#* {{RQ:Mill System of Logic|chapter=Fallacies of Confusion|volume=II|page=465|passage=As expressed in the premiss, the proposition appeals directly and in '''concrete''' language to the incapacity of the human imagination for conceiving a minimum.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Edward Dowden|title=Walter Pater|magazine=w:The Atlantic|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101040403/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1902/07/walter-pater/637398/|location=Boston, M.A.; New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Houghton, Mifflin and Company|month=July|year=1902|volume=90|issue=537|page=113|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/sim_atlantic_1902-07_90_537/page/113/mode/1up|column=2|issn=1072-7825|oclc=936540106|passage=He will be occupied during his whole life with a study not of ideas apart from their '''concrete''' embodiment, not of things '''concrete''' apart from their inward significance, but with a study of expression, — expression as seen in the countenance of external nature, expression in Greek statue, mediæval cathedral, Renaissance altar-piece, expression in the ritual of various religions, and in the visible bearing of various types of manhood, in various exponents of tradition, of thought, and of faith.}}
#* {{RQ:Wallace Infinite Jest|page=239|passage=The closer it comes to becoming '''concrete''' the more abstract it seems. Things get very abstract. The '''concrete''' room was the sum of abstract facts. Are facts abstract, or are they just abstract representations of '''concrete''' things?}}
#* {{RQ:New Yorker|author={{w|James Wood (critic)|James Wood}}|quotee=Gianna Pomata|title=Sergei Dovlatov and the Hearsay of Memory|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811082328/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/07/20/how-pandemics-wreak-havoc-and-open-minds|date=7 April 2014|passage=Bologna was a stronghold of medical teaching. The city's famous university, established in 1088, is the oldest in the world. "What they had we call scholastic medicine," Pomata told me. "When we say 'scholastic,' we mean something that is very abstract, not '''concrete''', not empirical."}}
# [[particular#Adjective|Particular]], [[specific#Adjective|specific]], rather than [[general#Adjective|general]].
#: {{syn|en|Thesaurus:specific}}
#: {{ant|en|Thesaurus:generic}}
#: {{ux|en|While everyone else offered thoughts and prayers, she made a '''concrete''' proposal to help.}}
#: {{ux|en|'''concrete''' ideas}}
#* {{RQ:Dickens Great Expectations|volume=II|page=206|passage="How did you like my reading of the character, gentlemen?" said Mr. Waldengarver, almost, if not quite, with patronage. ¶ Herbert said from behind (again poking me), "massive and '''concrete'''." So I said boldly, as if I had originated it, and must beg to insist upon it, "massive and '''concrete'''."}}
#* {{RQ:Fitzgerald Great Gatsby|page=60|passage="Anyhow, he gives large parties," said Jordan, changing the subject with an urban distaste for the '''concrete'''. "And I like large parties. They're so intimate. At small parties there isn't any privacy."}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Walter Allen|title=The English Novel: A Short Critical History|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:E. P. Dutton|E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc.]]|year=1954|page=370|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/englishnovel0000walt_g0p1/page/370/mode/1up|passage=The environments that hemmed in their isolation and the other human beings threatening it were certainly set down in the '''concretest''' detail; there is no question of their reality; yet at the center of most of Conrad's novels and stories is the solitary man fighting against what is outside him.}}
#* {{RQ:Heller Catch-22|page=133|passage=To German intelligence, Major —— de Coverley was a vexatious enigma; not one of the hundreds of American prisoners would ever supply any '''concrete''' information about the elderly white-haired officer with the gnarled and menacing brow and blazing, powerful eyes who seemed to spearhead every important advance so fearlessly and successfully.}}
#* {{RQ:Rolling Stone|author=Emily Zemler|quotee={{w|Soccer Mommy}}|title=Soccer Mommy Searches for Freedom With 'Feel It All the Time' on 'Kimmel'|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006235133/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/soccer-mommy-feel-it-all-the-time-kimmel-1234580678/|date=24 August 2022|passage=Nothing is really permanent. But, at the same time, so many things are forever. For me, that's always been something that's hard to grasp, because I'm a very '''concrete''' thinker. I want to be like, 'This is how things are, and there's a reason.'}}
#* {{RQ:Independent|author=Abe Asher|title=Trudeau suggests link between four shot-down objects despite US playing down connection|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320054426/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/justin-trudeau-four-objects-shot-down-b2281562.html|date=13 February 2023|passage=In his remarks to reporters, Mr Trudeau offered few '''concrete''' details but was more willing to make a connection between the downed objects. He said he would discuss the issue further with Mr Biden at a scheduled meeting in March.}}
# {{lb|en|not comparable}} Made of concrete (building material).
#: {{ux|en|The office building had '''concrete''' flower boxes out front.}}
#* {{RQ:Joyce Dubliners|page=42|passage=Few people passed. The man out of the last house passed on his way home; she heard his footsteps clacking along the '''concrete''' pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red houses.}}
#* {{RQ:Smith Swing Time|page=46|passage=I took the stairs down to the communal area and stood resting against a '''concrete''' pillar, watching my "brother" kick up little scraps of half-frozen turf.}}
#* {{RQ:Telegraph|author=Martin Chilton|title=The tragedy of Ivan, the 'shopping mall gorilla' who drove America wild|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209024700/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/tragedy-ivan-shopping-mall-gorilla-drove-america-wild/|date=21 August 2020|passage=The video images of him banging on the '''concrete''' walls of his cell are wretched. The story of Ivan's plight was covered by everyone from People Magazine to the New York Times, who reported on the "sulking gorilla with matted hair" trapped in his '''concrete''' prison.}}
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} Made up of separate parts; [[composite#Adjective|composite]]. {{rfv-sense|en}}
#: {{ant|en|discrete}}
#* {{RQ:Latimer Sermons|volume=I|pages=21–22|pageref=21|passage=I cannot wholly expreſs him, I wot not what to call him, but a certain thing altogether made of the hatred of God, of miſtruſt in God, of wings, deceits, diſcord, manſlaughters, and in a word, a thing '''concrete''' and heaped up of perjuries, and made of all kind of miſchief.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1659|author=Robert  Gell|title=An Essay Toward the Amendment of the Last English-Translation of the Bible{{nb...}}|page=765|pageurl=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rCVBAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA765|text=The reason why ''this wisdom so strengthens the wise'', even more then many mighty men, so that ''one wise man'' more preserves the City then ''many strong men''; it seems to be, because ''Wisdom'' both ''originally'' and ''formally'', is '''concrete''' with ''power and might'': and therefore whatsoever ''strength'' can do alone, that also can ''Wisdom'' do & more.}}
#* {{RQ:Irving Goldsmith|page=50|passage=In this sketch Goldsmith undoubtedly shadows forth his an noyances as travelling tutor to this '''concrete''' young gentleman, compounded of the pawnbroker, the pettifogger, and the West Indian heir, with an overlaying of the city miser.}}
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} Not [[liquid#Adjective|liquid]] or [[fluid#Adjective|fluid]]; [[solid#Adjective|solid]].
#* {{RQ:Homer Chapman Iliads|year=1843|book=XI|pages=244–245|pageref=244|passage=Ere the white body they could reach; and stuck, as telling how / They purpos'd to have pierc'd his flesh: his peril pierced now / The eyes of prince Eurypilus, Evemon's famous son; Who came close on, and with his dart struck duke Apisaon, / Whose surname was Phausiades, even to the '''concrete''' blood / That makes the liver: on the earth out gush'd his vital flood.}}
#* {{RQ:Bacon Works|volume=V|page=469|passage=He &#91;[[w:Thales of Miletus|Thales]]&#93; saw that the breeding of animals is in moisture; that the seeds and kernels of plants (as long as they are productive and fresh), are likewise soft and tender; that metals also melt and become fluid, and are as it were '''concrete''' juices of the earth, or rather a kind of mineral waters; {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Thomas Burnet|chapter=IV|title=The Theory Of The Earth:{{nb...|Containing an Account of the Original of the Earth, and of All the General Changes which it Hath Already Undergone, Or is to Undergo, Till the Consummation of All Things.}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} R. Norton, for Walter Kettilby,{{nb...|At the Biſhops-Head in S. Paul's Church-Yard}}|year=1684|volume_plain=Book I|page=51|pageurl=https://books.google.ca/books?id=a78yYe0NZuEC&pg=PA51|passage=And therefore by analogy with all other liquors and concretions, the form of the Chaos, whether liquid or '''concrete''', could not be the ſame with that of the preſent Earth, or like it: And conſequently, that form of the firſt or primigenial Earth which riſe immediately out of the Chaos, was not the ſame, nor like to that of the preſent Earth.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=Review of New Publications|magazine=w:The Gentleman's Magazine|number=3|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} [[w:John Nichols (printer)|John Nichols]]{{nb...|at Cicero's Head, Red Lion Paſſage, Fleet-Street}}|month=September|year=1793|volume=LXIII|section=Part II|page=828|pageurl=https://books.google.ca/books?id=PqY2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA828|column=1|passage=The oily baſis of this ammoniacal ſoap, ſeparated by acids, is deſcribed as a '''concrete''' ſubſtance, of a greyiſh yellow colour, and ſomewhat more fuſible than wax; combined with fixed or volatile alkali it forms, we are told, a firm ſoap.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:Joseph Dalton Hooker|J[oseph] D[alton] Hooker]]|title=Extracts from the Private Letters of Dr. J. D. Hooker, written during a Botanical Mission to India|editor=w:William Jackson Hooker|journal=Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany|location=London|publisher=Reeve, Benham, and Reeve|year=c. 1848|year_published=1849|page=42|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/hookersjournalb05hookgoog/page/n51/mode/1up|oclc=1645661|passage=The natives distil a kind of [[arrack#Noun|arrack]] from the flowers, which are also eaten raw. The seeds, too, yield a '''concrete''' oil, by expression, used for lamps, and occasionally to fry withal.}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|particular, perceivable, real}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|канкрэ́тны}}, {{t+|be|пэ́ўны}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|конкретен}}, {{t+|bg|определен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|concret}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t|cmn|[[切實]]的|tr=qièshí de}}, {{t|cmn|[[具體]]的|tr=jùtǐ de}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|konkret}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|concreet}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|reala}}, {{t|eo|palpebla}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|konkreetne}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|konkreettinen}}, {{t+|fi|kouriintuntuva}}
* French: {{t+|fr|concret}}
* German: {{t+|de|konkret}}, {{t+|de|bestimmt}}, {{t+|de|genau}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υλικός|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|konkrét}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|konkret}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|concreto}}, {{t+|it|reale}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|[[実際]]の|tr=jissai no}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|konkrēts|m}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|utuh}}, {{t|ms|ketara}}, {{t+|ms|konkrit}} {{q|Malaysia, Singapore}}, {{t|ms|konkret}} {{q|Riau & Sumatra}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|മൂർത്ത}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|тодорхой}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|konkret}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|konkretny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|concreto}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|concret|m|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|конкре́тный}}, {{t+|ru|определённый}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|skutočný|m}}, {{t|sk|reálny|m}}, {{t|sk|hmatateľný|m}}, {{t|sk|konkrétny|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|concreto}}, {{t+|es|específico}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|konkret}}, {{t+|sv|påtaglig}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|конкре́тний}}, {{t+|uk|пе́вний}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|קאָנקרעט}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|not abstract}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|сапра́ўдны}}, {{t|be|рэа́льны}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|реален}}, {{t+|bg|действителен}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|concret}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t|cmn|[[具體]]的|tr=jùtǐ de}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|konkrétní}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|konkret}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|concreet}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|konkreta}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|konkreettinen}}, {{t+|fi|kouriintuntuva}}
* French: {{t+|fr|concret}}
* German: {{t+|de|konkret}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|συγκεκριμένος|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|konkrét}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|concreto}}, {{t+|it|reale}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|具体的|tr=ぐたいてき, gutaiteki}}
* Latin: {{t|la|concretus}}, {{t|la|corporalis}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|konkrēts|m}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|മൂർത്ത}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|бодит}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|konkret}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|konkret}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|konkretny}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|concret|m|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|реа́льный}}, {{t+|ru|действи́тельный}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|rudail}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|ozajstný|m}}, {{t|sk|reálny|m}}, {{t|sk|skutočný|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|concreto}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|konkret}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|спра́вжній}}, {{t|uk|ді́йсний}}, {{t|uk|реа́льний}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|קאָנקרעט}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|made of concrete}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|бетонен}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|石屎|tr=sek6 si2}}, {{t|yue|三合土|tr=saam1 hap6 tou2}}, {{t|yue|混凝土|tr=wan6 jing4 tou2}}
*: Mandarin: {{t|cmn|[[混凝土]]的|tr=hùnníngtǔ de}}
* Crimean Tatar: {{t|crh|beton}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|betonový|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|[[beton]]-}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|betonnen}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|betona}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|betoninen}}, {{t|fi|[[betoni]]-}}
* French: {{t|fr|de [[béton]]}}
* German: {{t|de|aus [[Beton]]}}, {{t+|de|Beton|alt=beton-}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|τσιμεντένιος|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|beton}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|coincréiteach}}
* Italian: {{t|it|(in/di) [[calcestruzzo]]}}, {{t|it|(in/di) [[cemento]]}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|[[コンクリート]]の|tr=konkurīto no}}
* Lao: {{t-needed|lo}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|betona}}
* Norwegian: {{t|no|betong-}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|betonowy}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|concreto}}
* Romanian: {{l|ro|de}} {{t+|ro|beton}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|бето́нный}}
* Sardinian:
*: Campidanese: {{t|sc|biaroni}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|betónový|m}}, {{t|sk|z betónu}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|de [[concreto]]}}, {{t|es|de [[hormigón]]}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|betong|alt=betong-}}
* Thai: {{t-needed|th}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|בעטאָנען}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Indonesian: {{t+check|id|nyata}}, {{t+check|id|jelas}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Noun===
{{wikipedia}}
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{lb|en|countable|uncountable}} A [[building#Noun|building]] [[material#Noun|material]] created by mixing [[cement#Noun|cement]], [[water#Noun|water]], and [[aggregate#Noun|aggregate]] such as [[gravel#Noun|gravel]] and [[sand#Noun|sand]].
#: {{ux|en|The road was made of '''concrete''' that had been poured in large slabs.}}
#* {{RQ:Pynchon Gravity's Rainbow|page=373|passage=Smooth facets of buildings have given way to cobbly insides of '''concrete''' blasted apart, all the endless-pebbled rococo just behind the shuttering.}}
#* {{RQ:Wired|author=Brandon Keim|quotee=Hendrik Van Oss|title=Space-Age Concrete the Answer for Failing Bridges?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619030945/https://www.wired.com/2007/08/space-age-concr/|date=2 August 2007|passage=In the next few decades, says Van Oss, building codes will change, opening the way for innovative materials. But while new '''concretes''' may be stronger and more durable, they are also more expensive - and whether the tendency of developers and the public to focus on short-term rather than long-term costs will also change is another matter.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Ben Mussett|title='As ugly as ugly can be': Why are there still temporary barriers around Union Station four years later?|work=w:Toronto Star|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826205146/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/as-ugly-as-ugly-can-be-why-are-there-still-temporary-barriers-around-union-station/article_2341a141-cc58-573b-ad7e-f9418675c504.html|location=Toronto, ON|publisher=w:Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd.|date=7 October 2022|issn=0319-0781|oclc=1081127642|passage=Within hours of the deadly van attack on April 23, 2018, the city installed a series of thigh-high '''concrete''' barriers around Union Station and other bustling spots in downtown Toronto.}}
# {{lb|en|logic}} A [[term]] designating both a [[quality]] and the [[subject]] in which it exists; a concrete term.
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John Sergeant (priest)|J[ohn] S&#91;ergeant&#93;]]|title=Solid Philosophy Asserted Against the Fancies of the Ideists:{{nb...|Or, the Method to Science Further Illustrated: With Reflexions on Mr. Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding}}|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed for}} Roger Clavil{{nb...|at the Peackock,}} Abel Roper{{nb...|at the Black Boy, both in Fleetſtreet, and}} Thomas Metcalf,{{nb...|over againſt Earl's-Court in Drury-Lane, 1697.}}|year=1697|page=91|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/solidya00serg/page/n148/mode/1up|passage=Whence follows, that the Abſtract Terms, [''Entity''] or [''Eſſence''] do properly ſignify [''A Capacity of Being''.] Tho' Entity is often us'd as a '''Concrete''' for the ''Thing it ſelf''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Leonard Peikoff|title=[[w:The Ominous Parallels|The Ominous Parallels: The End of Freedom in America]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Stein and Day|Stein and Day/Publishers]]|year=1982|page=331|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/ominousparallels00peik/page/331/mode/1up|isbn=0-812-82850-X|passage=Conceptualization is man's method of organizing sensory material. To form a concept, one isolates two or more similar '''concretes''' from the rest of one's perceptual field, and integrates them into a single mental unit, symbolized by a word.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Avi Sion|title=Future Logic|year=1990|page=344|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/FutureLogic/page/n345/mode/1up|passage=With regard to the physical domain, '''concretes''' are as a rule perceived through the senses.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Trinity in Process: A Relational Theology of God|editors=w:Joseph A. Bracken; w:Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Continuum International Publishing Group|Continuum]]|year=1997|page=154|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/trinityinprocess0000unse/page/154/mode/1up|isbn=0-826-40878-8|passage=However, how can such a structure of '''concretes''' and abstracts be made evident, which after all means that knowledge always aims at the concrete, the unprecedented, the irreducibly dissimilar, although cognition always happens in developing similarity through abstraction?}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Alan Musgrave|chapter=Pleonastic Platonism|title=From Truth to Reality: New Essays in Logic and Metaphysics|editor=Heather Dyke|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Routledge|year=2009|page=79–80|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/fromtruthtoreali0000unse/page/79/mode/1up|isbn=978-0-415-98845-2|passage=On the right-hand sides we have sentences asserting that an equivalence relation holds between '''concretes'''—that is, that they are identical in some respect.}}
# {{lb|en|US}} A [[dessert#Noun|dessert]] of [[frozen custard#Noun|frozen custard]] with various [[topping#Noun|toppings]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:John Lutz (mystery writer)|John Lutz]]|title=Diamond Eyes|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Thomas Dunne Books|year=1990|page=170|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/diamondeyes00lutz/page/170/mode/1up|isbn=0-312-05074-7|passage=When Nudger and Claudia were finished eating they drove to the Ted Drewes frozen custard stand on Chippewa and stood in line for a couple of chocolate chip '''concretes'''. Drewes's '''concretes''' were delicious custard concoctions so thick that before the kids working behind the counter handed them to customers, they turned the cups upside down to demonstrate that the contents wouldn't pour out.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Jonanna Widner|title=Dallas & Fort Worth|series=w:Moon Handbooks|location=Berkeley, C.A.|publisher=w:Avalon Travel|year=2013|page=86|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/moonhandbooksdal0000widn/page/86/mode/1up|isbn=978-1-612-38526-6|passage=Paradoxically richer and yet lighter than ice cream, frozen custard is softly served, and at Curly's you can have your I vanilla or chocolate flavor custard "'''concrete'''" style, with your choice of a rainbow of candy and fruit toppings whipped in.}}
#* {{RQ:WaPo|author=Candy Sagon|title=Nielsen's Frozen Custard in Vienna|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/food/2003/07/16/nielsens-frozen-custard-in-vienna/7bf574d9-e175-4af1-9e08-dc518ae0e759/|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/PQHjr|archivedate=26 August 2023|date=16 July 2003|passage=Once there, she opts for a '''concrete''' -- Nielsen's thick, spoonable, frozen vanilla custard mixed with add-ins like Oreos or strawberries or chocolate chips and piled into a 16-ounce cup for $4.35. She can't eat it all, of course, which is why a couple of friends need to come along as well.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|author=Allie Chanthorn Reinmann|title=The Difference Between Milkshakes and Concretes (and How to Make Them)|work=w:Lifehacker|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608020935/https://lifehacker.com/the-difference-between-milkshakes-and-concretes-and-ho-1850424489|date=11 May 2023|passage=A '''concrete''' has some distinct differences from a milkshake, specifically, the custard base mixture, the final texture, and the mix-ins. Technically, the common ice cream you buy at the store and use in a regular milkshake is made from a custard base. A custard is dairy thickened with the help of heated whole eggs or egg yolks, and a '''concrete''' uses a custard base that has a higher ratio of egg yolks in the recipe than the average ice cream.}}
# {{senseid|en|semi-solid extract}} {{lb|en|perfumery}} An [[extract#Noun|extract]] of herbal materials that has a semi-solid consistency, especially when such materials are partly [[aromatic#Adjective|aromatic]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Julia Lawless|title=The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils: A Complete Guide to the Use of Aromatics in Aromatheraapy, Herbalism, Health & Well-Being|location=Shaftesbury, Dorset;{{nb...|Rockport, M.A.; Brisbane, Qnd.}}|publisher=[[w:HarperCollins|Element]]|year=1992|page=37|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofes0000lawl_y8d6/page/37/mode/1up|isbn=1-852-30311-5|passage=Most '''concretes''' contain about 50 per cent wax, 50 per cent volatile oil, such as jasmine; in rare cases, as with ylang ylang, the '''concrete''' is liquid and contains about 80 per cent essential oil, 20 per cent wax. The advantage of '''concretes''' is that they are more stable and concentrated than pure essential oils.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Celia Lyttelton|title=The Scent Trail: An Olfactory Odyssey|location=London{{nb...}}|publisher=w:Bantam Books|year=2007|page=37|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/scenttrailolfact0000lytt/page/37/mode/1up|isbn=978-0-593-05114-6|passage=Monsieur Roca held another '''concrete''' under my nose and asked if it reminded me of tea. I breathed in a refreshing green note of verbena, a smell that was so quintessentially English that I felt suddenly nostalgic. It was a daffodil scent; it symbolized spring and the hope that spring always brings. And finally he held out the mimosa '''concrete''' for me. As I breathed in its heady aroma I forgot all about the noxious fumes I'd inhaled as I'd walked towards the Robertet factory.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=David G. Williams|title=The Chemistry of Essential Oils: An Introduction for Aromatherapists, Beauticians, Retailers and Students|edition=second|location=Port Washington, N.Y.; Weymouth, Dorset|publisher=Micelle Press|year=2008|page=226|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/chemistryofessen0000will/page/226/mode/1up|isbn=978-1-870-22831-2|passage='''''Concretes''''', the waxy extracts produced by solvent extraction, were first introduced by the house of Roure, Bertrand Fils in Grasse, in 1873, and in 1888 Joseph Robert succeeded in developing a large-scale process for the solvent extraction of fragrant plants. This process was brought into commercial production two years later.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Karen Gilbert|title=Perfume: The Art and Craft of Fragrance|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=CICO Books|year=2013|page=67|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/perfumeartcrafto0000gilb/page/67/mode/1up|isbn=1-782-49044-2|passage=Once the material is exhausted, the solvent containing the dissolved essential oil is distilled. This process removes the solvent, leaving behind the extracted matter, which is known as a '''concrete'''. The '''concrete''' is processed further to produce an absolute for use in perfumery.}}
# {{lb|en|possibly|obsolete}} [[sugar#Noun|Sugar]] [[boil#Verb|boiled]] down from [[cane#Noun|cane]] [[juice#Noun|juice]] to a solid mass.
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Sugar Question:{{nb...|Being a Digest of the Evidence Taken Before the Committee on Sugar and Coffee Plantations which was Moved for by Lord G. Bentinck, M.P., 3rd February, 1848.}}|location=London|publisher=w:Smith, Elder and Co.|year=1848|volume_plain=Part II|page=115|pageurl=https://books.google.ca/books?id=AasI6ChI5M4C&pg=PA115|passage=The '''concrete''' is made by ingredients which are to remove the feculencies from the cane-juice as soon as expressed from the mill and which check fermentation; indeed juice may be kept for a week after the canes have been gruond, without turning acid, when these ingredients have been used.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Edward W[iley] Duckwall|title=Semi-Monthly Report of National Canners' Laboratory|journal=The Canner and Dried Fruit Packer|location=Chicago, I.L.|publisher=The Canner Publishing Company|date=18 August 1910|volume=XXXI|issue=6|page=24|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/sim_prepared-foods_1910-08-18_31_6/page/24/mode/1up|issn=0096-0705|oclc=1421235|passage=Also molasses in the definition refers only to the product separated from the various sugar '''concretes''' specified in the purification of these raw sugars, while in trade terms what is defined under sugar cane syrup in the standards is often called molasses, the term "open kettle molasses" being used in this connection to indicate that the cane juice has been simply boiled down in open kettles.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=An Industrial Waste Guide to the Cane Sugar Industry|year=1959|page=1|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/canesugarindustr018786mbp/page/n6/mode/1up|passage=In some areas of the Far East, for example, factories producing sugar concrete may process as little as one ton of sugar cane per day and a total of not over 100 tons of sugar cane per year. From this we go to the other extreme where factories in the West Indies and Mexico process as much as 20,000 tons of sugar cane per day and 2 to 3 million tons of sugar cane per year.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Lendal H[enry] Kotschevar|title=Quantity Food Purchasing|edition=second|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:John Wiley & Sons|year=1975|page=352|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/quantityfoodpurc0000kots/page/352/mode/1up|isbn=0-471-50524-2|passage=Maple sugar is crystallized from the concentrated sap of maple. Maple '''concrete''' can be purchased and water added to make maple syrup.}}
# {{senseid|en|obsolete concretion}} {{lb|en|obsolete}} Any [[solid#Adjective|solid]] [[mass#Noun|mass]] formed by the [[coalescence#Noun|coalescence]] of separate [[particle#Noun|particles]]; a compound substance, a [[concretion#Noun|concretion]].
#* {{RQ:Boyle Sceptical Chymist|page=26|passage=And firſt, if I would now deal rigidly with my Adverſary, I might here make a great Queſtion of the very way of Probation which he and others employ, without the leaſt ſcruple, to evince, that the Bodies commonly cali'd mixt, are made up of Earth, Air, Water, and Fire, which they are pleas'd alſo to call Elements; namely that upon the ſuppos'd ''Analyſis'' made by the fire, of the former ſort of '''''Concretes''''', there are wont to emerge Bodies reſembling thoſe which they take for the Elements.}}
#* {{RQ:Hooke Micrographia|page=13|passage=Of this kind, I ſuppoſe, the ''Æther'', that is the ''medium'' or ''fluid'' body, in which all other bodies do as it were ſwim and move; and particularly, the ''Air'', which ſeems nothing elſe but a kind of ''tincture'' or ''ſolution'' of terreſtrial and aqueous particles ''diſſolv'd'' into it, and agitated by it, juſt as the ''tincture'' of ''Cocheneel'' is nothing but ſome finer ''diſſoluble'' parts of that '''Concrete''' lick'd up or ''diſſolv'd'' by the ''fluid'' water.}}
#* {{RQ:Bentley Confutation of Atheism|sermon=World 2|page=11|passage=But if Gold it ſelf be admitted, as it muſt be, for a porous '''Concrete''', the proportion of Void to Body in the texture of common Air will be ſo much the greater.}}
#* {{RQ:Johnson Dictionary|entry={{smallcaps|A"mbergris}}|page=129|column=2|passage=Some affirm it [ambergris] to be a true animal '''concrete''', formed in balls in the body of the male ſpermaceti whale, and lodged in a large oval bag over the testicles.}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|building material}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|beton}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|beton|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|خَرَسَانَة|f}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|բետոն}}
* Asturian: {{t+|ast|formigón|m}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|beton}}
* Basque: {{t|eu|hormigoi|}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|бето́н|m}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|কংক্রিট}}
* Breton: {{t+|br|betoñs|m}}, {{t+|br|beton|m}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|бето́н|m}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|ကွန်ကရစ်}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|formigó}}
* Cherokee: {{t|chr|ᎠᏰᏍᏛᏗ}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|混凝土|tr=hùnníngtǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|砼|tr=tóng}}
* Crimean Tatar: {{t|crh|beton}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|beton|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|beton|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|beton|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|betono}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|betoon}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|betong|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|betoni}}
* French: {{t+|fr|béton|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|formigón|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ბეტონი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Beton|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σκυρόδεμα|n}}
* Greenlandic: {{t|kl|betonngi}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|בֶּטוֹן|m|tr=betón}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|कंक्रीट|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|beton}}
* Hunsrik: {{t|hrx|Konkrett|n}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|steinsteypa|f}}, {{t+|is|steypa|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|beton}},  {{t|id|corcoran}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|coincréit|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|calcestruzzo|m}}, {{qualifier|colloquial}} {{t+|it|cemento|m}}, {{t+|it|beton|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|コンクリート|tr=konkurīto}}
* Javanese: {{t|jv|beton}}
* Jeju: {{t|jje|공거리}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|бетон}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|បេតុង}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|콘크리트}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|бетон}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ຄອນກີດ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|[[opus]] [[caementicium]]|n}}, {{t|la|caementicium|n}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|betons|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|betonas|m}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|Bëtong|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|бетон|m}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|konkrit}} {{q|Malaysia, Singapore}}, {{t|ms|konkret}} {{q|Riau & Sumatra}}, {{t+|ms|beton}} {{q|West Kalimantan}}
* Malayalam: {{t|ml|കോൺക്രീറ്റ്}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|konkos|m}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|raima}}
* Minangkabau: {{t+|min|beton}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|бетон}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|betong|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|betong|m}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|بتن|tr=beton}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|beton|m-in}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|betão|m}} {{q|Portugal}}, {{t+|pt|concreto|m}} {{q|Brazil}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|beton|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|бето́н|m}}
* Samogitian: {{t|sgs|vakna|f}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|cruadhtan|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|бетон|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|beton|m}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|betón|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|beton|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|hormigón|m}}, {{t+|es|concreto|m}}, {{t|es|garujo|m}}, {{t|es|nuégado|m}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|zege|cn}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|betong|c}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|бетон}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|คอนกรีต}}
* Tibetan: {{t-needed|bo}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|beton}}, {{t+|tr|dongu}}
* Turkmen: {{t+|tk|beton}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|бето́н|m}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|کنکریٹ|m|tr=kankrīṭ}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|beton}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|bê tông}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|בעטאָן|m}}
* Yoruba: {{t|yo|kankéré}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
{{col|en|cement|mortar|UHPC}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|usually|transitive}} To [[cover#Verb|cover]] with or [[encase#Verb|encase]] in concrete (building material).
#: {{ux|en|I hate grass, so I '''concreted''' over my lawn.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Francis Lynde|title=David Vallory|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Charles Scribner's Sons|year=1919|page=322|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/davidvallory00lyndgoog/page/322/mode/1up|passage=In odd moments David had made an estimate on the cost of shooting down the menace in the eastern tunnel drifting and '''concreting''' the gash which would be left by the blasting out of the fissure material.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Reshad Feild|title=Here to Heal|location=Shaftesbury, Dorset|publisher=w:Element Books|year=1985|page=84|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/heretoheal00feil/page/84/mode/1up|isbn=0-906-54080-1|passage=At first they could not remember anything out of the ordinary, and then the farmer's wife remarked that they had changed the pattern of the milking parlour by '''concreting''' the area where the cows were waiting.}}
#* {{RQ:LATimes|author=Louis Sahagun|title=A journey of discovery on the L.A. River|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708174854/https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2010-jul-30-la-me-river-20100729-story.html|date=1 August 2010|passage=Frequent catastrophic floods prompted civic leaders in the 1930s to transform the river into a flood-control channel to protect the burgeoning flatlands. Nearly the entire 51-mile river bottom was '''concreted''' over, except a few spots where the water table was too high.}}
# {{lb|en|usually|transitive}} To [[solidify#Verb|solidify]]: to change from being [[abstract]] to being concrete (actual, real).
#* {{RQ:Twain Pudd'nhead Wilson|pages=55–56|pageref=55|passage={{...}} the necessity of recognizing this relation outwardly and of perfecting herself in the forms required to express the recognition, had moved her to such diligence and faithfulness in practicing these forms that this exercise soon '''concreted''' itself into habit; it became automatic and unconscious; then a natural result followed: {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=C. Reinold Noyes|title=The Institution of Property|location=New York, N.Y.; Toronto, Ont.; London|publisher=w:Longmans, Green and Co.; w:Humphrey Milford|year=1936|page=536|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/institutionofpro0000unse/page/536/mode/1up|passage=Just so economics has '''concreted''' the concept of capital. The law needs a term for the material and quasi-material objects of property.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Kurt Riezler|title=Physics and Reality:{{nb...|Lectures of Aristotle on Modern Physics at an International Congress of Science}}|location=New Haven, C.T.|publisher=w:Yale University Press|year=1940|page=104|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/physicsreality0000kurt/page/104/mode/1up|passage=It is only such a [[logos#Noun|logos]] that can '''concrete''' the concrete and make reality real.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive|archaic}} To [[unite#Verb|unite]] or [[coalesce#Verb|coalesce]] into a solid mass.
#* {{RQ:Newton Opticks|edition=4th|book=3|page=363|passage=When any ſaline Liquor is evaporated to a Cuticle and let cool, the Salt '''concretes''' in regular Figures; which argues, that the Particles of the Salt before they '''concreted''', floated in the Liquor at equal diſtances in rank and file, and by conſequence that they acted upon one another by ſome Power which at equal diſtances is equal, at unequal diſtances unequal.}}
#* {{RQ:Arbuthnot Aliments|page=46|passage=The Blood of ſome Perſons who have dy'd of the Plague could not be made to '''concrete''', by reaſon of the Putrefaction already begun.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Everard Home|title=On the Formation of Fat in the Intestines of living Animals|journal=[[w:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society|Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London]]|location=London|publisher={{...|Printed by}} [[w:William Bulmer (printer)|W&#91;illiam&#93; Bulmer]] and Co.{{nb...|Cleveland-Row, St. James's}}|year=1813|page=152|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/s3id13528510/page/152/mode/1up|issn=0261-0523|oclc=1697286|passage=At three years old, her mother observed something come from her, as she walked across the room, which, when examined, was found to be fat in a liquid state, which '''concreted''' when cold.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Jonathan Pereira|chapter=''Pista'cia Lentis'cus'', Linn. L. E. D.—''The Mastic'' or ''Lentisk Tree''.|title=The Elements of Materia Medica;{{nb...|Comprehending the Natural History, Preparation, Properties, Composition, Effects and Uses of Medicines}}|location=London|publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1840|volume_plain=Part II|page=1183|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/b3309598x_0002/page/1183/mode/1up|passage=The mastic which '''concretes''' on the stem is called ''mastic in the tear'', while that which falls to the earth constitutes ''common mastic''.}}

====Usage notes====
* Etymologically, the antonym of ''concrete'' is {{m|en|secrete||exude, yield}}, but the meanings of the two verbs have diverged so widely that this is scarcely noticed today.

====Translations====
{{trans-top|cover with concrete}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|бетонирам}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|betonovat|impf}}, {{t|cs|zabetonovat|pf}}
* Danish: {{t|da|[[gøre]] [[til]] [[en]] [[fast]] [[masse]]}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|betonneren}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|betonoida}}
* French: {{t+|fr|bétonner}}
* German: {{t+|de|betonieren}}, {{t+|de|einbetonieren}}
* Greek: {{t|el|επικαλύπτω με σκυρόδεμα}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|betonoz}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|coincréitigh}}
* Italian: {{t|it|[[coprire]]/[[ricoprire]] [[di]] [[calcestruzzo]]/[[cemento]]}}, {{t+|it|cementificare}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|betonować}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|concretar}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|бетони́ровать}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|hormigonar}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|solidify, become concrete (actual, real)}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|конкретизирам се}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|凝結|tr=níngjié}}
* Danish: {{t|da|størkne}}, {{t|da|blive hård}}, {{t|da|blive konkret}}, {{t|da|konkretisere}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|concretiseren}}, {{t|nl|[[concreet]] [[worden]]}}, {{t|nl|[[vorm]] [[aannemen]]}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|konkretisoitua}}
* French: {{t+|fr|concréter}} {{qualifier|dated}}, {{t+|fr|concrétiser}}
* German: {{t+|de|konkretisieren}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|στερεοποιούμαι}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|megszilárdít}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|solidificare}}, {{t+|it|solidificarsi}}, {{t+|it|concretizzare}}, {{t|it|concretizzarsi}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|concretizar}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|тверде́ть}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|concretizar}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|ta form}}, {{t|sv|[[bli]] [[konkret]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Derived terms===
{{col4|en|title=Terms derived from the adjective, noun, or verb ''concrete''|concrete canyon|concrete cutter|concrete jungle|concrete mixer|concrete saw,consaw|concrete number|concrete noun|concretion|concretize,concretise|-crete|reinforced concrete|shotcrete|asphalt concrete|Cascade concrete|cast in concrete|chocolate concrete|concrete art|concrete class|concrete interface|concrete masonry unit|concrete method|concrete music|concrete oil of wine|concrete overcoat|concrete poem|concrete poetry|concrete term|concrete verb|concrete-head|musique concrete|prestressed concrete|architectural concrete|concrete cancer|concrete desert|concrete poet|concrete shoes|bioconcrete|calcrete|concolic|concretely|concreteness|concretism|concretist|concretive|concretization|concretum|dolocrete|ferroconcrete|gypcrete|hempcrete|limecrete|lunarcrete|mooncrete|neoconcrete|neoconcretism|nonconcrete|popcrete|pykrete|reconcrete|semiconcrete|silcrete|unconcrete|woodcrete
}}

===References===
* {{R:OneLook}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=cceenort|cocenter}}

{{c|en|Building materials}}

==Dutch==

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-concrete.ogg}}

===Adjective===
{{head|nl|adjective form}}

# {{infl of|nl|concreet||infl}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|nl|concreet}}

==Italian==

===Adjective===
{{head|it|adjective form}}

# {{feminine plural of|it|concreto}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|it|a=cceenort|treccone}}

==Latin==

===Participle===
{{head|la|participle form|head=concrēte}}

# {{inflection of|la|concrētus||voc|m|s}}

==Portuguese==

===Verb===
{{head|pt|verb form}}

# {{pt-verb form of|concretar}}

==Spanish==

===Verb===
{{head|es|verb form}}

# {{es-verb form of|concretar}}