View source for Appendix:Lojban/lo

==Lojban==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|jbo|/lo/}}

===Particle===
{{jbo-cmavo}} {{qualifier|article}}

# {{non-gloss|an article which converts a {{l|jbo|selbri|t=predicate}} into a {{l|jbo|sumti|t=argument}} by "returning" an instance of the}} {{sumti|1}} {{non-gloss|sumti of the following word, which would otherwise function as a {{l|jbo|selbri|t=predicate}}; unlike {{l|jbo|le}}, this word does not add a connotation of definiteness (i.e., it would not translate to English as "the")}}
#: {{ux|jbo|[[xu]] [[la]] .okrand [[cu]] [[finti]] '''[[lo]]''' [[bacrynandu]]|lit=QUESTION PROPER-NOUN "OKRAND" invented SELBRI-TO-SUMTI Tongue-Twister|t=Did Okrand invent a tongue twister?}}
#: {{ux|jbo|[[ro]] '''[[lo]]''' [[mlatu]] [[cu]] [[nelci]] '''[[lo]]''' [[ladru]]|All cats like milk.}}
#: {{uxi|jbo|[[lo]] [[rozgu]] [[cu]] [[xunre]]|Roses are red.}}

====Usage notes====
* A {{l|jbo|sumti|t=argument}} phrase begun with ''{{l|jbo|lo}}'' ends with the elidable terminator {{m|jbo|ku}} unless no ambiguity results (in which case the terminator is elided).
* The article ''{{l|jbo|lo}}'' behaves in a rather {{w|epsilon calculus|epsilon operator}}-like fashion. For example, let ''K'' be a [[predicate calculus|predicate]] standing for the Lojban {{l|jbo|selbri|t=predicate}} {{m|jbo|klama}}, and let ''P'' be a predicate standing for the {{l|jbo|selbri|t=predicate}} {{m|jbo|prenu}}, then the Lojban sentence "{{monospace|lo prenu cu klama}}" <ref>[http://jbotcan.org/docs/l4b/less4articles.html Lojban for Beginners, Chapter 4, &sect;2]</ref> could be expressed symbolically as <math>K(\epsilon x \, P(x))</math>, where <math>\epsilon x \, P(x)</math> stands for "{{monospace|{{l|jbo|lo}} {{l|jbo|prenu}}}}".
* In a phrase such as "{{monospace|{{l|jbo|lo}} {{l|jbo|ci}} {{l|jbo|prenu}}}}" (where {{m|jbo|ci}} acts as an "inner quantifier"), the selbri which follows it may or may not "distribute" with respect to it, so that the "three people" may or may not be interpreted as acting as a concerted group, or so-called "mass". To be more precise, if the group acts concertedly, precede ''[[lo]]'' with {{m|jbo|lu'o}}, or equivalently, replace ''{{l|jbo|lo}}'' with {{m|jbo|loi}}. If the group does not act concertedly, but is instead "{{w|plural quantification|innocent}}" (the selbri "distributes" with respect to it), then use {{m|jbo|lo'i}} instead of {{m|jbo|loi}}.<ref name="xorlo"> [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/How+to+use+xorlo How to use ''xorlo''] </ref>
** A rule of thumb might be to avoid using inner quantifiers with ''{{l|jbo|lo}}'' altogether, just as in English it would wrong to say "*a three dogs".<ref>[http://dag.github.com/cll/6/7/ LRG &sect;6.7, Example 7.6]</ref> On the other hand, "a set of three dogs" would translate as "{{monospace|{{l|jbo|lo'i}} {{l|jbo|ci}} {{l|jbo|gerku}}}}", and "a group of three dogs (act as a team to) surround a man" would be "{{monospace|{{l|jbo|loi}} {{l|jbo|ci}} {{l|jbo|gerku}} {{l|jbo|cu}} {{l|jbo|sruri}} {{l|jbo|lo}} {{l|jbo|nanmu}}}}".
* In a phrase such as "{{monospace|{{l|jbo|ci}} {{l|jbo|lo}} {{l|jbo|prenu}}}}" (where {{m|jbo|ci}} acts as an "outer quantifier"), the {{l|jbo|selbri|t=predicate}} which follows the {{m|jbo|ci}} does "distribute" with respect to it, so that the selbri applies to each one of the three individuals, separately.<ref name="xorlo" />

====Related terms====
* {{l|jbo|la}}
* {{l|jbo|le}}
* {{l|jbo|loi}}
* {{l|jbo|lo'i}}
* {{l|jbo|lo'e}}

===References===
<references />

{{cln|jbo|cmavo of selma'o LE}}
{{C|jbo|Articles}}