View source for -th

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "th"}}
==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|en|-t}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/-θ/}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|-the|id=abstract nominal}}, {{m|enm|-th}}, {{m|enm|-te}}, {{m|enm|-t|pos=abstract nominal suffix}}, from {{inh|en|ang|-þ}}, {{m|ang|-t}}, {{m|ang|-þu}}, {{m|ang|-tu}}, {{m|ang|-þo}}, {{m|ang|-to||-th|pos=abstract nominal suffix}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*-iþō}}, from {{inh|en|ine-pro|*-iteh₂|}}. Cognate with {{cog|sco|-th}}, {{cog|fy|-te}}, {{cog|nl|-te}}, {{cog|da|-de}}, {{cog|sv|-d}}, {{cog|is|-ð}}, {{m|is|-d}}, {{cog|got|-𐌹𐌸𐌰}}, {{cog|la|-itās||-ty, -ity}}. See {{m|en|-ity}}, {{m|en|-t}}.

====Suffix====
{{en-suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes|cat3=unproductive suffixes}}

# {{lb|en|no longer productive}} {{n-g|Used to form nouns from verbs of action.}}
#: {{m|en|berth|ber'''th'''}}, {{m|en|birth|bir'''th'''}}, {{m|en|blowth|blow'''th'''}}, {{m|en|drawth|draw'''th'''}}, {{m|en|flowth|flow'''th'''}}, {{m|en|growth|grow'''th'''}}, {{m|en|sight|sigh'''t'''}}, {{m|en|spilth|spil'''th'''}}, {{m|en|stealth|steal'''th'''}}, {{m|en|tilth|til'''th'''}}, {{m|en|theft|thef'''t'''}}, {{m|en|weight|weigh'''t'''}}, {{m|en|shrift|shrif'''t'''}}
# {{lb|en|no longer productive|except|jocular coinages}} {{n-g|Used to form nouns of quality from adjectives.}}
#: {{m|en|breadth|bread'''th'''}}, {{m|en|chillth|chill'''th'''}}, {{m|en|coolth|cool'''th'''}}, {{m|en|dampth|damp'''th'''}}, {{m|en|dearth|dear'''th'''}}, {{m|en|depth|dep'''th'''}}, {{m|en|filth|fil'''th'''}}, {{m|en|health|heal'''th'''}}, {{m|en|height|heigh'''t'''}}/{{m|en|heighth|heigh'''th'''}}, {{m|en|illth|ill'''th'''}}, {{m|en|length|leng'''th'''}}, {{m|en|roomth|room'''th'''}}, {{m|en|ruth|ru'''th'''}}, {{m|en|strength|streng'''th'''}}, {{m|en|troth|tro'''th'''}}, {{m|en|truth|tru'''th'''}}, {{m|en|sloth|slo'''th'''}}/{{m|en|slowth|slow'''th'''}}, {{m|en|warmth|warm'''th'''}}, {{m|en|wealth|weal'''th'''}}, {{m|en|width|wid'''th'''}}, {{m|en|wrath|wra'''th'''}}, {{m|en|wrength|wreng'''th'''}}, {{m|en|youth|you'''th'''}}/{{m|en|youngth|young'''th'''}}

=====Synonyms=====
{{checksense|en}}
* {{l|en|-ness}}
* {{l|en|-hood}}
* {{l|en|-ship}}
* {{l|la|-itas}}
* {{l|en|-itude}}
* {{l|en|-ia}}
* {{l|la|-itia}}
* {{l|en|-ity}}
* {{l|en|-ability}}
* {{l|en|-ibility}}
* {{l|en|-icity}}
* {{l|en|-osity}}
* {{l|en|-ous}}
* {{l|en|-ose}}
* {{l|en|-cy}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|-the|id=ordinal}}, {{m|enm|-th}}, {{m|enm|-te}}, {{m|enm|-t|pos=ordinal suffix}}, from {{inh|en|ang|-þa}}, {{m|ang|-þe}}, {{m|ang|-oþa}}, {{m|ang|-oþe}}, derived from a {{der|en|ine-pro|-}} superlative suffix. {{etystub|en}}.

====Suffix====
{{en-suffix|cat2=adjective-forming suffixes|cat3=noun-forming suffixes|cat4=productive suffixes}}

# {{senseid|en|ordinal}} {{n-g|Used to form the {{l|en|[[ordinal]] [[numeral]]}} when the final term of the spelled number is not “first”, “second”, or “third”.}}
#: {{ux|en|the [[Fourth of July|4'''th'''/Four'''th''' of July]]}}
## {{lb|en|mathematics}} {{n-g|Used to form a term denoting the [[ordinal numeral]] corresponding to the [[value]], being a [[natural number]], of a mathematical [[expression]].}}
##: {{ux|en|The <math>n</math>'''th''' term of a geometrical progression whose first term is <math>a</math> and common ratio is <math>r</math> is given by <math>ar^n</math>.}}
# {{senseid|en|fraction}} {{n-g|Used to form the {{l|en|denominator}} of a {{l|en|fraction}}.}}
#: {{ux|en|one seven'''th'''; three ten'''ths'''}}

=====Usage notes=====
* Some numbers undergo a change in spelling: {{suffixusex|en|five|fifth}}, {{suffixusex|en|eight|eighth}}, {{suffixusex|en|nine|ninth}}, {{suffixusex|en|twenty|twentieth}}. See [[-eth#Etymology_2|-eth]]
* Use of this suffix with numbers ending in {{m|en|one}}, {{m|en|two}}, or {{m|en|three}} is occasionally heard in speech, particularly in forming fractions ({{m|en||**thirty-two'''th'''}}) but is considered highly nonstandard.
* In older texts, this suffix, and the other suffixes for forming ordinals, may be seen written as superscripts: 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>. This is considered old-fashioned; the current preference is to write (when not spelling the numbers), 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th.
* When used to suffix a mathematical expression, a hyphen is sometimes inserted: <math>n</math>-th term.

=====Coordinate terms=====
* {{l|en|-nd}}
* {{l|en|-rd}}
* {{l|en|-st}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|used to form the ordinal numeral}}
* Arabic: {{qualifier|no specific suffixes are used}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|-րդ}}, {{t|hy|-երորդ}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t|az|-inci}}, {{t|az|-nci}}, {{t|az|-ıncı}}, {{t|az|-üncü}}, {{t|az|-uncu}}
* Breton: {{t+|br|-vet}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|-è}}, {{t|ca|-èsim}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|第|tr=dai6...|alt=第……}}
*: Dungan: {{t|dng|ди|alt=ди ...}}
*: Hakka: {{t|hak|第|tr=thi...|alt=第……}}
*: Hokkien: {{t|nan-hbl|第|tr=tē...|alt=第……}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|第|tr=dì...|alt=第……}}
*: Wu: {{t|wuu|第|alt=第……}}
* Dhivehi: {{t|dv|ވަނަ}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|-a}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|-s}}
* French: {{t+|fr|-ième}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|-ésimo|m}}
* German: {{t|de|-te}} {{q|for: 0, 1, 2, ..., 19, 100}}, {{t|de|-ste}} {{q|for: 20, 30, 40, ..., 90, 1000}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|־י|tr=-i}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|वां|alt=-वां}}
* Ido: {{t|io|-esma}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|ke-}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|-ú}}
*: Old Irish: {{t|sga|-mad}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|-esimo}}, {{t|it|-to}} {{qualifier|4, 5, 6}}, {{t|it|-imo}} {{qualifier|7, 10}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|第|tr=だい..., dai...|alt=第...}}, {{t+|ja|目|tr=...め, ...me|alt=...目}}, {{t+|ja|番目|tr=...ばんめ, ...banme|alt=...番目}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ទី|tr=tii-|alt=ទី-}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|째|alt=-째}}, {{t+|ko|제|alt=제-}}, {{t+|ko|번째|alt=~ 번째}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|-em}}, {{t+|kmr|-emîn}}, {{t+|kmr|-an}}, {{t+|kmr|-a}}, {{t+|kmr|-ê}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t|ky|-ынчы}}, {{t|ky|-инчи}}, {{t|ky|-унчу}}, {{t|ky|-үнчү}}, {{t|ky|-нчы}}, {{t|ky|-нчи}}, {{t|ky|-нчу}}, {{t|ky|-нчү}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ທີ່|alt=ທີ່-}}
* Malay:
*: Jawi: {{t|ms|ک-}}
*: Rumi: {{t+|ms|ke-}}
* Malayalam: {{t|ml|-ആം}}, {{t|ml|-ആമത്തെ}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|-वा}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|-the}}
* Occitan: {{t|oc|-en}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|ـم|tr=-om}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|-y|m}}, {{t|pl|-ty|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|-ésimo}} {{qualifier|productive; 20, 30, 40, …, 100, 1000, 1000000, …}}, {{t+|pt|-eiro}} {{qualifier|1, 3, 11, 13, 21, 23, 31, 33, …}}, {{t|pt|-to}} {{qualifier|4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, …}}, {{t|pt|-avo}} {{qualifier|8, 18, 28, …}}, {{t|pt|-imo}} {{qualifier|7, 10, 11, 20, 30, 40, …}}
* Russian: {{qualifier|various endings exist}} {{t+|ru|-ый}}, {{t+|ru|-о́й|m}}, {{t+|ru|-ий|m}}
* Southern Altai: {{t|alt|-нчы}} ,{{t|alt|-нчи}}, {{t|alt|-ынчы}}, {{t|alt|-инчи}}, {{t|alt|-унчы}}, {{t|alt|-ӱнчи}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|-ero}} {{qualifier|1, 3, 11, 13, 21, 23, 31, 33, ...}}, {{t+|es|-to}} {{qualifier|4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 24, 25, 26, ...}}, {{t+|es|-avo}} {{qualifier|8, 18, 28, ...}}, {{t|es|-imo}} {{qualifier|7, 10, 11, 12}}, {{t+|es|-ésimo}} {{qualifier|20, 30, 40, 50, ... 100, ...}}
* Sundanese: {{t|su|ka-}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|-te}}, {{t+|sv|-de}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|ika-}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|-ум}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ที่|alt=ที่-}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|-ይ}} {{qualifier|from 1 to 10}}, {{t|ti|መበል -}} {{qualifier|from 11}}
* Turkish: {{t|tr|-inci}}, {{t+|tr|-nci}}, {{t|tr|-ıncı}}, {{t+|tr|-ncı}}, {{t|tr|-üncü}}, {{t|tr|-uncu}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|thứ|alt=thứ ...}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|-fed}}, {{t|cy|-ed}}, {{t+|cy|-ydd}}, {{t|cy|-edd}}
* Zazaki: {{t|zza|-nki}}, {{t|zza|-n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
From {{inh|en|enm|-eth}}, {{m|enm|-th}}, from {{inh|en|ang|-eþ}}, {{m|ang|-aþ}}, {{m|ang|-þ}}.

====Suffix====
{{en-suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{senseid|en|inflection}} {{lb|en|archaic}} {{n-g|A variant of}} '''[[-eth]]''', {{n-g|used to form the [[archaic]] [[third-person singular]] [[indicative]] [[present tense]] of verbs.}}
#: ''come'' → {{m|en|cometh|come'''th'''}}
#: ''have'' → {{m|en|hath|ha'''th'''}}
#: ''do'' → {{m|en|doth|do'''th'''}}
#: ''say'' → {{m|en|saith|sai'''th'''}}

===See also===
{{suffixsee|en}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=ht|HT|h/t|ht}}

==Albanian==

===Etymology===
{{der+|sq|sqj-pro|*-ts}}, from {{inh|sq|ine-pro|*-ḱos}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|sq|suffix|g=m}}

# used to form diminutive suffix.

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|sq}}

==Middle English==

===Etymology 1===
Originally two distinct suffixes:
* {{inh|enm|ang|-þ|id=u-stem}}, from {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*-þu}}, from {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*-þuz}}, from {{inh|enm|ine-pro|*-tus}}.
* {{inh|enm|ang|-þ|id=i-stem}}, from {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*-þi}}, from {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*-þiz}}, from {{inh|enm|ine-pro|*-tis}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|enm|-d|-þ|-þe}}
* {{alter|enm|-t|-te||following fricatives}}

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|enm|/-θ/|/-d/|/-t/}}

====Suffix====
{{head|enm|suffix}}

# {{tlb|enm|non-productive}} {{non-gloss|Forms abstract nouns denoting a state or attribute, usually from adjectives but occasionally from verbs}}; {{l|en|-th}}, {{l|en|-ness}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|enm|head=-th}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|en|-th|-t|qq=conflated with {{m|enm|-the|id=abstract nominal}} < {{m|gem-pro|*-iþō}}}}
* {{desc|sco|-th|-t|qq=conflated with {{m|enm|-the|id=abstract nominal}} < {{m|gem-pro|*-iþō}}}}

=====References=====
* {{R:MED Online|-th(e|suf|MED45078}}

===Etymology 2===

====Suffix====
{{head|enm|suffix}}

# {{alt form|enm|-the|id=abstract nominal|pos=abstract nominal suffix}}

===Etymology 3===

====Suffix====
{{head|enm|suffix}}

# {{alt form|enm|-the|id=ordinal|pos=ordinal suffix}}

{{catlangname|enm|noun-forming suffixes}}

==Mohawk==

===Suffix===
{{head|moh|suffix}}

# {{ng|forms [[instrumental]]s}}

===References===
* {{R:moh:Deering:1976|pages=417}}