View source for ☉

{{also|Ꙩ|ꙩ|ʘ|𐍈|ⵙ|⊙|⨀|◉|𑀣|uni=auto}}
{{character info}}
[[File:Zug - Zytturm 2010-06-18 calendar crop.jpg|thumb|Use of ☉ for Sunday, just under the sun (day) hand near the top of the calendar dial of this 16th-century clock-calendar.]]

==Translingual==
{{wikipedia}}

===Etymology===
The [[shield]] of the sun god [[Apollo]], with a [[boss]] in the center. Medieval replacement of {{angbr|[[🜚]]}}, the sun with a single ray, which in ancient times had replaced a sun orb surrounded by multiple rays.<ref name=jones-1999>{{cite-book
| last = Jones  | first = Alexander
| year = 1999
| title = Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus
| pages = 62–63
| isbn = 978-0-87169-233-7
}}</ref> 

Compare the Egyptian hieroglyph {{angbr|[[File:Red Circle(small).svg|16px|link=𓇳]]}} and the Chinese character {{angbr|[[File:日-bronze.svg|16px|link=日]]}}, both of which mean 'sun' and 'day'.

===Symbol===
{{head|mul|symbol}}

# {{lb|mul|star|astrology}} [[Sol]], the [[Sun]].
#: A subscript to variables in mathematical equations, such as ''π''<sub>☉</sub> (solar [[parallax]]).
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1803 |author= Robert Patterson |title= The Papers of Thomas Jefferson |year_published= 2013 |publisher= Princeton University Press |volume= 40 |pages=71 |passage= Suppose the apparent angular distance of the sun & moon's nearest limbs [...] to be 110°.2′.30″ the app. alt of <b>☉</b>'s lower limb measuring 20°.40′ and that of ☽'s lower limb 35°.24′|termlang=mul}}
# {{lb|mul|star}} [[solar mass]].
#: {{syn|mul|[[M☉|''M''<sub>☉</sub>]]}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=1939 |author= Oppenheimer & Volkoff |title= On Massive Neutron Cores |journal= Physical Review |volume= 55 |passage= For masses under <math>\textstyle\frac{1}{3}</math>'''☉''' only one equilibrium solution exists}}
# {{lb|mul|botany}} [[annual]].<ref>{{cite-book| url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/An_Introduction_to_Botany/Cp8HAQAAIAAJ?printsec=frontcover | author = J. Lindley | year = 1848 | title = An introduction to botany | volume = 2 | edition = 4 | location = London | publisher = Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans | page = 385&ndash;386 }}</ref>
# {{lb|mul|alchemy}} [[gold]].
# {{lb|mul|rare}} [[Sunday]].
#: {{ng|Refers to the Latin phrase ''[[dies Solis#Latin|dies Solis]]'', which literally means "[[Sun]]'s day".}}
# {{lb|mul|philately}} [[cancellation]] (with an ordinary post-office cancellation mark).
# {{lb|mul|chemistry|obsolete}} [[hydrogen]] ([[w:Daltonian symbol|Daltonian symbol]]).
#: ''Technically, this should be red: <span style="color:red">☉</span>. May also be typeset [[⊙|<span style="color:red">⊙</span>]].''

====Synonyms====
*{{sense|sun, daytime}} [[☼]]
*{{sense|sun, gold}} [[🌞]]&#xFE0E;, [[🜚]] (obsolete)

====Derived terms====
* {{sense|astronomy}}  [[M☉|''M''<sub>☉</sub>]] &ndash; [[solar mass]] (as a unit of measurement for the masses of stars)
: [[L☉|''L''<sub>☉</sub>]] &ndash; [[solar luminosity]] (as a unit of measurement).
: [[R☉|''R''<sub>☉</sub>]] &ndash; [[solar radius]] (as a unit of measurement).
: [[S☉|''S''<sub>☉</sub>]] &ndash; [[solar constant]] (as a unit of measurement).
* {{sense|alchemy}} [[☉⃞]] ([[gold leaf]], gold foil)

====Related terms====
* {{sense|botany}} [[⚇]] (biennial)
* {{sense|astrology}} {{l|mul|🝵}} (Solar eclipse)

===Gallery===
<gallery mode=packed>
Sun symbol (Hull).svg|An abstract variant
Amersfoort - Reliëf op de wand van Arubalaan 10-16.jpg|A decorative variant in the Netherlands
Gold at Sterling Chemistry Laboratory of Yale.jpg|As a symbol for gold
Sun symbol (planetary color).svg|Symbol on a gold background
</gallery>

===See also===
* {{l|egy|𓇳}} (hieroglyph for Sun)
* {{l|mul|⊙}} (mathematics, computing)

{{planetary symbols}}

===References===
<references/>

[[Category:Astronomical symbols]]
{{C|mul|Days of the week}}

==English==

===Symbol===
{{en-symbol}}

# {{rfd-redundant|en}} the {{l|en|sun}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1797|translator={{w|Sigismund Bacstrom}}|title=Chemical Moon-Shine: Wherein is Demonstrated the True Subject of Philosophy, Where We are to Look for it, & How it is to be Prepared|text=The matter must be collected when {{underline|the Ram}} is grasing. <nowiki>|</nowiki>: i.e. '''☉''' in ♈︎ :<nowiki>|</nowiki>}}
# {{rfd-redundant|en}} {{lb|en|alchemy}} {{l|en|gold}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1650|author={{w|Paracelsus}}|translator={{w|John French (physician)|John French}}|title=A New Light of Alchymie|chapter=Of the Nature of Things|page=73|text=But that the five leſſer, and impurer Metalls, ''viz.'' ♀ ♃ ♄ ♂ and ☿ may be tranſmuted into the greater, pureſt, and moſt perfect Metalls, ''viz.'' into '''☉''' and ☾, it cannot be done without the Tincture, or Philoſophers ſtone.}}

==German==

===Symbol===
{{head|de|symbol}}

# {{sense|cartography}} [[city center]]

==Latin==

===Etymology 1===

====Noun====
{{la-noun|☉/☉l<3.sg>|g=m}}

# {{lb|la|alchemy}} {{abbr of|la|sol|t=sun}}
#* {{quote-book|la|year=1688|author=Caspar Cramer|title=Collegium chymicum|page=6|text=Sic ſunt homines, qui ad lumen candelæ non autem '''☉lis''' cœcutiunt, morbus nyctalopia dicitur.|t=Thus there are men who are blind to the light of a candle but not '''of the sun'''; the disease is called nyctalopia.}}

=====Declension=====
{{la-ndecl|☉/☉l<3.sg>}}
{{la-ndecl|☉<3.sg>}}

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|la|☉is}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{la-noun|☉rum<2>|lemma=☉}}

# {{lb|la|alchemy}} {{abbr of|la|aurum|t=gold}}
#* {{quote-book|la|year=1701|author=Johann Christoph Sommerhoff|title=Lexicon pharmaceutico-chymicum latino-germanicum & germanico-latinum|trans-title=Pharmaceutico-Chemical Lexicon, Latin-German and German-Latin|page=34|text=''Aurum fulminans'' fit ex '''☉ro''' in 🜆egis ſoluto|t=''Fulminating gold'' is made from '''gold''' dissolved in aqua regia}}

=====Declension=====
{{la-ndecl|☉rum<2>|nom_sg=☉}}